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482. E-learning in Tertiary Education
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Abstract:
- E-learning is becoming increasingly prominent in tertiary education, with universities increasing provision and more students signing up. But is it actually changing the way universities teach and students learn, or is it simply a case of students typing up their essays on computers and professors sending them course reading lists or work assignments by e-mail?
- Topic:
- Development, Education, and Science and Technology
483. Contribution to 'Targeting Ammunition' Publication
- Publication Date:
- 07-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- The Geneva based Small Arms Survey has recently released a publication that addresses the issue of ammunition within the SALW policy and operational frameworks. 'Targeting Ammunition' is a collaborative project, led and project managed by the Small Arms Survey, with contributions from Viva Rio (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Centre for International Cooperation and Security (CICS) (Bradford University, UK), Groupe de Recherche et d'Information su la Paix et la securite (GRIP) (Brussels, Belgium) and SEESAC.
- Topic:
- Security, Arms Control and Proliferation, Development, and Education
- Political Geography:
- Brazil, Belgium, and Brussels
484. Review of Key Literature on Children, Youth and Small Arms
- Publication Date:
- 10-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- Since SALW emerged as an issue in the international community in the late 1990s, there has been a wide range of articles, reports and research. For educators or children's rights staff, the picture is a very confusing one, as much of the language is very technical, and the literature relevant to children and youth has generally not been written within a coherent theoretical framework, such as child development, children's rights programming, child safety and protection and public health. There is also a vast literature in the USA on the gun issue, with advocates for and against gun control, and research in psychology and paediatrics on the effects of guns on children and young people. In addition, in the developed world, there is a large literature on youth and crime, some of which refers to the use of weapons.
- Topic:
- Security, Arms Control and Proliferation, Civil Society, and Education
485. Children and Small Arms Resource Guide - Public Health Approaches
- Publication Date:
- 11-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- In March 2006 SEESAC commissioned an Education Consultant to determine the need for a school curriculum on small arms throughout the Western Balkan countries through consultation with relevant stakeholders, a review of available literature on the subject of small arms, children and youth, and examination of evaluation reports from previous risk education projects conducted in South Eastern Europe (SEE). This report is one of a series of publications on this issue.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Civil Society, Education, and Human Welfare
- Political Geography:
- Europe
486. Literature Review on Media Violence, Children and Small Arms
- Publication Date:
- 11-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- One of the key issues in examining the impact of small arms on children is the role of the media. The SEESAC Education Consultant has developed a Literature Review of some materials that are relevant to considering the need for education programmes on media violence and small arms. Research has now confirmed the link between media violence and aggressive behaviour. If young people also have ready access to guns, then the likelihood of violent behaviour, against themselves and others, increases. Most of the resources are from the USA, with the exception of the UNESCO study; however, US media, films, TV, video and computer games are increasingly available to children all over the world, so the US research data is relevant.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Civil Society, Education, and Human Welfare
487. A Millennium Learning Goal: Measuring Real Progress in Education
- Author:
- Lant Pritchett, Amer Hasan, and Deon Filmer
- Publication Date:
- 08-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- The Millennium Development Goal for primary schooling completion has focused attention on a measurable output indicator to monitor increases in schooling in poor countries. We argue the next step, which moves towards the even more important Millennium Learning Goal, is to monitor outcomes of learning achievement. We demonstrate that even in countries meeting the MDG of primary completion, the majority of youth are not reaching even minimal competency levels, let alone the competencies demanded in a globalized environment. Even though Brazil is on track to the meet the MDG, our estimates are that 78 percent of Brazilian youth lack even minimally adequate competencies in mathematics and 96 percent do not reach what we posit as a reasonable global standard of adequacy. Mexico has reached the MDG—but 50 percent of youth are not minimally competent in math and 91 percent do not reach a global standard. While nearly all countries' education systems are expanding quantitatively nearly all are failing in their fundamental purpose. Policymakers, educators and citizens need to focus on the real target of schooling: adequately equipping their nation's youth for full participation as adults in economic, political and social roles. A goal of school completion alone is an increasingly inadequate guide for action. With a Millennium Learning Goal, progress of the education system will be judged on the outcomes of the system: the assessed mastery of the desired competencies of an entire age cohort—both those in school and out of school. By focusing on the learning achievement of all children in a cohort an MLG eliminates the false dichotomy between “access/enrollment” and “quality of those in school”: reaching an MLG depends on both.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, Economics, and Education
- Political Geography:
- Brazil and Mexico
488. The Inequality-Growth Nexus in the Short and Long Runs: Empirical Evidence from China
- Author:
- Guanghua Wan, Zhao Chen, and Ming Lu
- Publication Date:
- 08-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- This paper argues that the conventional approach of data averaging is problematic for exploring the growth—inequality nexus. It introduces the polynomial inverse lag (PIL) framework so that the impacts of inequality on investment, education, and ultimately on growth can be measured at precisely defined time lags. Combining PIL with simultaneous systems of equations, we analyze the growth—inequality relationship in postreform China, finding that this relationship is nonlinear and is negative irrespective of time horizons.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, and Education
- Political Geography:
- China and Asia
489. International Mobility of Researchers and Scientists: Policy Options for Turning a Drain into a Gain
- Author:
- Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen and Kristian Thorn
- Publication Date:
- 08-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- High demand for researchers and scientists has led to an increase in skilled migration in recent years. The paper focuses on improving our understanding of the push and pull factors affecting the migration decisions of researchers and scientists from developing countries and discusses policy options for maximizing the potential gains associated with international mobility of advanced human capital. Evidence suggests that a reasonable salary level should be guaranteed but that return decisions of researchers and scientists are primarily shaped by factors such as the quality of the research environment, professional reward structures and access to state-of-the-art equipment.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, Migration, and Science and Technology
490. Primary Education in India: Prospects of Meeting the MDG Target
- Author:
- Bernarda Zamora and Sonia Bhalotra
- Publication Date:
- 07-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- This paper uses two large repeated cross-sections, one for the early 1990s, and one for the late 1990s, to describe growth in school enrolment and completion rates for boys and girls in India, and to explore the extent to which enrolment and completion rates have grown over time. It decomposes this growth into a component due to changes in the characteristics that determine schooling, and another associated with changes in the responsiveness of schooling to given characteristics. Our results caution against the common practice of using current data to make future projections on the assumption that the model parameters are stable. The analysis nevertheless performs illustrative simulations relevant to the question of whether India will be able to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of realising universal primary education by the year 2015. The simulations suggest that India will achieve universal attendance, but that primary school completion rates will not exhibit much progress.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, and Education
- Political Geography:
- India and Asia