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402. Política Informática y Educación: el caso de la Escuela Superior Latinoamericana de Informática (ESLAI)
- Author:
- María Fernanda Arias
- Publication Date:
- 10-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- En 1986, dos años después del arribo de Raúl Alfonsín a la Presidencia de la Argentina, se inauguraba una escuela de estudios informáticos. La Escuela Superior Latinoamericana de Informática (ESLAI) abrió sus puertas en un bucólico lugar: el Parque Nacional Pereyra Iraola, en el casco de la antigua estancia de una aristocrática familia argentina, cuya propiedad fuera expropiada por el gobierno del General Juan Domingo Perón en 1949 (“Parque Pereyra, una reserva natural mundial”, 2008, 28 de enero).
- Topic:
- Education and Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
403. Improving Educational Quality in Honduras: Building a Demand-Driven Education Market
- Author:
- Fernando Yitzack Pavon
- Publication Date:
- 05-2008
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Woodrow Wilson School Journal of Public and International Affairs
- Institution:
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University
- Abstract:
- The Honduras Poverty Assessment consistently suggests that low levels of growth and persistent poverty in Honduras are linked to low levels of human capital formation (World Bank 2006c). The Honduran education system faces the common problems of general service provision, including lack of affordable access, poor administration, low technical quality, low teacher accountability and stagnant productivity.
- Topic:
- Education and Markets
- Political Geography:
- Honduras
404. Skilled Emigration and Skill Creation: A quasi-experiment
- Author:
- Satish Chand and Michael Clemens
- Publication Date:
- 09-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- Does the emigration of highly-skilled workers deplete local human capital? The answer is not obvious if migration prospects induce human capital formation. We analyze a unique natural quasi-experiment in the Republic of the Fiji Islands, where political shocks have provoked one of the largest recorded exoduses of skilled workers from a developing country. Mass emigration began unexpectedly and has occurred only in a well-defined subset of the population, creating a treatment group that foresaw likely emigration and two different quasi-control groups that did not. We use rich census and administrative micro data to address a range of concerns about experimental validity. This allows plausible causal attribution of post-shock changes in human capital accumulation to changes in emigration patterns. We show that high rates of emigration by tertiary-educated Fiji Islanders not only raised investment in tertiary education in Fiji; they moreover raised the stock of tertiary educated people in Fiji—net of departures.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, Markets, and Migration
- Political Geography:
- Asia and Australia/Pacific
405. Why Are Saving Rates of Urban Households in China Rising?
- Author:
- Eswar Prasad and Marcos Chamon
- Publication Date:
- 12-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- From 1995 to 2005, the average urban household saving rate in China rose by 7 percentage points, to about one quarter of disposable income. We use household-level data to explain why households are postponing consumption despite rapid income growth. Tracing cohorts over time indicates a virtual absence of consumption smoothing over the life cycle. Saving rates have increased across all demographic groups although the age profile of savings has an unusual pattern in recent years, with younger and older households having relatively high saving rates. We argue that these patterns are best explained by the rising private burden of expenditures on housing, education, and health care. These effects and precautionary motives may have been amplified by financial underdevelopment, as reflected in constraints on borrowing against future income and low returns on financial assets.
- Topic:
- Economics, Education, Emerging Markets, and Health
- Political Geography:
- China and Israel
406. The Post-2010 Lisbon Process: The Key Role of Education in Employment and Competitiveness
- Author:
- Daniel Gros and Felix Roth
- Publication Date:
- 12-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for European Policy Studies
- Abstract:
- This paper points out that education should be the central objective of the post-2010 Lisbon Process. Compared to other OECD countries, the member states of the European Union perform poorly when it comes to key indicators of innovative potential, such as the percentage of students enrolled in tertiary education and the educational quality of Europe's students. Education makes a three-fold contribution to a country's economic health. First it is beneficial for employment rates, second it is a key driver for long-term economic growth and third it appears to be beneficial for social cohesion. It will be crucial for European countries to attain higher levels of tertiary education and increase the quality of their education.
- Topic:
- Economics, Education, and Regional Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Lisbon
407. When Can a Weak Process Generate Strong Results ? Entrepreneurial Alliances in the Bologna Process to Create a European Higher Education Area
- Author:
- Barbara G. Haskel
- Publication Date:
- 02-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University
- Abstract:
- This paper attempts to explain how an intergovernmental process among four countries to “harmonize” the “architecture” of their higher education systems in under ten years turned into an “OMC-type” process with a full role for the European Commission and a membership of forty-six countries, a system which appears to have had some substantial results. The paper argues that the speed of the process is accounted for by a “coordination imperative,” and that the sustainability (institutionalization) of the process has been a product of the initiatives for goals, instruments, support structures, and measurements generated by an “entrepreneurial alliance” composed of the Commission and the European Universities Association as “drivers” of the process and as solver of a collective action problem among social actors interested in university re-form, in the context of a permissive consensus of the member states.
- Topic:
- International Relations and Education
- Political Geography:
- Europe
408. Expanding Education Abroad at U.S. Community Colleges
- Author:
- Rosalind Latiner Raby
- Publication Date:
- 09-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- U.S. students and teachers are going abroad in growing numbers, gaining the international exposure and cross-cultural knowledge that will prepare them for their future role in an interconnected world. According to the Open Doors 2007 Report on International Educational Exchange, 223,534 U.S. students studied abroad for academic credit in 2005/06, an increase of 8.5 percent over the previous year, and a 150 percent increase over the past decade. Still, only a small percentage of U.S. students study abroad during their college years. The late Senator Paul Simon urged that America send abroad as many of our students as those coming to the U.S. from abroad, currently 583,000 and rising. IIE shares this goal of doubling the number of U.S. students abroad. It is imperative that efforts to expand the number of students studying abroad make efficient use of existing resources and insure that access to education abroad is available to all, including students of underrepresented economic and social groups.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, Globalization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- United States
409. Educational Exchange between the United States and China
- Publication Date:
- 07-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- Few countries have seen such rapid economic and educational change in so short a time period as China. Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping began to send students and scholars to study abroad in large numbers as part of his broad modernization efforts, some 800,000 Chinese students and scholars have studied outside their home country. These numbers make China the overall largest supplier of international students to countries around the world over the past decade. The liberalization of the education sector, which accompanied China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, has also permitted more students from outside China to enter the Chinese educational system. The number of Americans studying abroad in China increased by over 500% in the past ten years, making China one of the top 10 study abroad destination countries for U.S. students, and one of the top 10 host countries for all internationally mobile students.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Economics, Education, and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- United States and China
410. Exploring Host Country Capacity for Increasing U.S. Study Abroad
- Author:
- Robert Gutierrez, Rajika Bhandari, and Daniel Obst
- Publication Date:
- 05-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- According to the Institute of International Education's most recent data, over 223,000 U.S. students annually study abroad for academic credit, and there are widespread calls to double, triple or even quadruple that number in the coming decade, sending students to more diverse destinations around the globe. Where would another 300,000-700,000 Americans go to study abroad? Which university systems, especially in the non-traditional destinations, have the capacity to absorb large increases when countries like India, China, Egypt, Turkey and Brazil are struggling to accommodate the demand for higher education by their own citizens? To begin addressing these important questions, the Institute of International Education launched Meeting America's Global Education Challenge, a focused policy research initiative which explores from multiple perspectives the challenge of substantially expanding the numbers and destinations of U.S. students studying overseas. In May 2007, IIE published its first White Paper in this series, Current Trends in U.S. Study Abroad the Impact of Strategic Diversity Initiatives.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, and Globalization
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, Europe, Turkey, Brazil, and Egypt