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2. Desradicalizacióny desvinculación:aspectos formales y teóricos
- Author:
- Roberto Muelas Lobato and David García
- Publication Date:
- 06-2022
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
- Institution:
- International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
- Abstract:
- La radicalización constituye una de las mayores problemáticas a nivel securitario y social. No obstante, el número de detenciones en los últimos años han llevado a replantearse reforzar los modelos de intervención en su relación con la desvinculación y la desradicalización. Como consecuencia, la atención está cambiando hacia los procesos de desvinculación/desradicalización. Tratando de aunar los conocimientos sobre la temática, en el presente manuscrito se realiza una revisión de la literatura que trata de identificar y valorar algunos de los factores y modelos de desvinculación, desradicalización y/o reinserción desarrollados en estas últimas décadas. En primera instancia se conceptualizan la desradicalización, entendida como un proceso social y psicológico por el que el compromiso de un individuo con la radicalización violenta y su participación en ella se reducen hasta el punto de que ya no corre el riesgo de implicarse y participar en actividades violentas, y la desvinculación, proceso mediante el cual un individuo experimenta un cambio de rol o función que suele ir asociado a una reducción de la participación en la violencia. Posteriormente, se analizan los principales factores de empuje y atracción que se han encontrado en la literatura, destacando, por un lado, la desilusión con la estrategia o las acciones del grupo radical y, por otro lado, las relaciones con personas fuera del grupo y las demandas familiares. A continuación, se hacen explícitos siete modelos teóricos propuestos desde distintas disciplinas que tratan de explicar los procesos de desvinculación, desradicalización y/o reinserción social. Entre estos modelos, encontramos la trayectoria de desvinculación,el modelo de inversión,el modelo 3N,el modelo pro-integración,los bucles de refuerzo,el modelo de las dinámicas de la desvinculación y el modelo fénix de desvinculación. Finalmente, se discuten algunas de las similitudes y diferencias de estos modelos y sus principales limitaciones.
- Topic:
- Security, Disengagement, Deradicalization, and Theoretical Models
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. Once a Jihadist, Always a Jihadist? A Deradicalization Program Seen from the Inside
- Author:
- Marc Hecker
- Publication Date:
- 02-2021
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI)
- Abstract:
- France has traditionally taken a security-based approach to the fight against terror. It was a latecomer to the field of radicalization prevention and the establishment of disengagement programs aimed at jihadists. It only started to think seriously about the issue in 2013 and its first attempts involved certain irregularities. For that reason, deradicalization suffers from a persistent bad reputation in France. The disengagement and reintegration programs established since 2016—RIVE from 2016 until 2018 and PAIRS, which started in 2018 and is still running—have operated behind closed doors. Discreetness was preferred to overcommunication. This study—the result of a long-term field survey of the staff, participants, and partners of PAIRS—opens the black box of disengagement methods. It offers a nuanced assessment of these initiatives, which, after four years of operations, have produced reassuring results: among the dozens of terrorist offenders who have participated in RIVE and PAIRS in open custody, none have reoffended.
- Topic:
- Terrorism, Radicalization, Islamism, Jihad, and Deradicalization
- Political Geography:
- Europe and France
4. Towards More Effective Deradicalization: Urgent Recommendations for Addressing Violent Islamist Extremism
- Author:
- Sofia Koller
- Publication Date:
- 12-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)
- Abstract:
- Violent Islamist extremism is still one of the biggest threats to internal security as well as societal cohesion in the EU. As a crucial part of any comprehensive counterstrategy, tertiary prevention encompasses measures designed to encourage and support (violent) extremists in prison and in society to leave their milieus, deradicalize, decriminalize, and reintegrate into society.
- Topic:
- Security, Violent Extremism, European Union, Islamism, and Deradicalization
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
5. Reconstruction of the national narratives and counter-violent extremism model for pakistan
- Author:
- Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
- Abstract:
- Understanding violent extremism and the ways to counter it are among the major themes PIPS has been exclusively focusing on since its establishment in the last quarter of 2005. The other main areas of PIPS‟ focus are also directly or indirectly linked to counter-violent extremism (CVE) such as conflict analysis and peacebuilding; religion and conflict; internal and regional security; media for peace and democracy; and dialogue. PIPS launched a multifaceted program of understanding and countering violent extremism and radicalism in Pakistan in 2007, titled “PIPS De-radicalization Plan (2007-2013)”. The Plan encapsulated the related concepts of empirical understanding of radicalization and religious extremism, de-radicalization, and counterradicalization. PIPS executed a host of activities linked to this progressive model traversing three levels: Taking its basic input from empirical studies and surveys aimed at understanding the issue of violent extremism and radicalization, it underwent processes of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing to evolve certain strategies which were [iii] implemented at the final stage of de-radicalization and/or countering radicalization. To understand and define phenomenon of radicalization, and extremism, in Pakistani context, PIPS conducted a series of 15 “peace talks” in 2008-09 inviting scholars, academicians, and subject specialists. Parallel to this exercise, the Institute carried out rigorous empirical research to understand trends and level of extremism and radicalism in Pakistani society, such as a comprehensive national-level public survey; a survey of educated Pakistani youths from universities and colleges; a survey of madrassa students and teachers across Pakistan; a survey of literatures; and a survey of media persons and practitioners. The outcomes of this entire empirical research were more than 40 research papers and studies providing empirical and contextual understanding of different aspects of radicalization, religious extremism and concomitant phenomena in Pakistan including factors, trends, level and impact of these phenomena, and local, context-bound imperatives to counter them.
- Topic:
- Education, Reconstruction, Narrative, Countering Violent Extremism, and Deradicalization
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia