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1142. Military Operations: Information on U.S. Use of Land Mines in the Persian Gulf War (GAO-02-1003)
- Publication Date:
- 08-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- The utility of land mines on the modern battlefield has come into question in recent years, largely because of their potential for causing unintended casualties and affecting U.S. forces' maneuverability. These concerns were raised during the Persian Gulf War (August 1990 to April 1991). In the Gulf War, the Department of Defense (DOD) deployed over 580,000 military personnel and a wide array of conventional weapons and munitions that it had designed and acquired primarily to fight the Soviet Union. The munitions used by these forces included several types of land mines and represented the largest U.S. combat use of its newer aircraftand artillery-delivered scatterable self-destructing land mines. Since the United States was attacked on September 11, 2001, DOD has been reviewing war plans to ensure that the military services are ready to meet future U.S. national security needs. This effort includes plans for the use of land mines. U.S. Gulf War experience documented in DOD after-action and lessons-learned reports provides insights concerning land mines.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Human Welfare
- Political Geography:
- Persia
1143. Report on Allied Contributions to the Common Defense 2002
- Publication Date:
- 06-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- The Responsibility Sharing Report presents the Department of Defense's annual assessment of the relative contributions toward the common defense and mutual security by our NATO allies, our Pacific allies (Japan and the Republic of Korea), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. The cornerstone of effective alliance relationships is the fair and equitable sharing of the full range of mutual security responsibilities, and the appropriate balancing of costs and benefits.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and NATO
- Political Geography:
- Japan, Australia/Pacific, and Korea
1144. The Defense Science Board Summer Study on Defense Science and Technology
- Publication Date:
- 05-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- Technology has been and must continue to be a key enabler of military advantage, both in conflict and in situations where conflict is close at hand. Over the years, the Department of Defense (DoD) science and technology progrme has discovered, invented, harnessed, and demonstrated such enabling technologies. As industry becomes more global, as scientific endeavors in other countries become more competitive, and as affordable technology increasingly issues from commercial sources, the DoD science and technology program needs to continue to meet challenges and exploit opportunities that arise. The Defense Science Board 2001 Summer Study task force has asked to examine three aspects of the DoD science and technology program: How the Department's S investment should be spend. The level of investment in science and technology. How the military can realize the most value from this investment.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Industrial Policy, and Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- United States
1145. Annual Industrial Capabilities Report to Congress, MAR 2002
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- Section 2504 of title 10, United States Code, requires that the Secretary of Defense submit an annual report to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, by March 1st of each year. The report is to include:”(1) A description of the departmental guidance prepared pursuant to section 2506 of this title.(2) A description of the methods and analyses being undertaken by the Department of Defense alone or in cooperation with other Federal agencies, to identify and address concerns regarding technological and industrial capabilities of the national technology and industrial base.(3) A description of the assessments prepared pursuant to section 2505 of this title and other analyses used in developing the budget submission of the Department of Defense for the next fiscal year.(4) Identification of each program designed to sustain specific essential technological and industrial capabilities and processes of the national technology and industrial base.” This report contains the required information.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Economics, Industrial Policy, and Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- United States
1146. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- The Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (short title: Joint Pub 1-02 or JP 1-02) sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States in both US joint and allied joint operations, as well as to encompass the Department of Defense (DOD) as a whole. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved DOD terminology for general use by all components of the Department of Defense. The Secretary of Defense, by DOD Directive 5025.12, 23 August 1989, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, has directed the use of JP 1-02 throughout the Department of Defense to ensure standardization of military and associated terminology.
- Topic:
- Security and Defense Policy
- Political Geography:
- United States
1147. Defense White Papers in the Americas: A Comparative Analysis
- Author:
- John Cope and Laurita Denny
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Abstract:
- In preparation for the October 2000 Defense Ministerial of the Americas (DMA) in Manaus Brazil and at the request of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) studied the global trend toward the creation of Defense White Papers. The study aimed to understand the nature of these documents in order to prepare the U.S. delegation to discuss the tendency in Latin America and the Caribbean during the DMA. The INSS study team found no agreement about what constitutes a 'white paper' other than each is a consensus statement on a topic. The team examined 15 defense documents worldwide and interviewed participants in the development process and independent analysts. The results suggest that the formative, often difficult, process through which governments must move to solidify their approach to national security defense policy, and the structure to implement it and build consensus for it is the essential part of a 'white paper,' providing a constructive experience that benefits the country. Governments tended not to want a template for this process, although at the working level there is some interest in the experience of other states. Defense White Papers become highly stylized nationalistic documents that reflect a state's unique domestic circumstances and international geopolitical situation. The attached chart provides an overview comparison of the Defense White Paper processes of Canada, the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and South Africa. Past efforts by U.S. agencies to design templates have failed.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy and Government
- Political Geography:
- United States, Canada, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Latin America, Caribbean, and Chile
1148. Terrorism's Financial Lifeline: Can It be Severed?
- Author:
- Kimberley L. Thachuk
- Publication Date:
- 05-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Abstract:
- To operate effectively, transnational terrorists and criminals need ready access to money and the ability to maneuver it quickly and secretly across borders. On a large scale, such money maneuvers can ripple across entire regions, embroiling global markets and threatening vital American economic interests as well as destabilizing other countries politically. The ability to move vast quantities of wealth rapidly and anonymously across the globe—sometimes combining modern-day wire transfers, faxes, and Internet connections with centuriesold practices, such as the hawala, of personal connections and a handshake—gives terrorist and criminal networks a strategic advantage over many states. Yet it also might be their vulnerability.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Economics, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- America
1149. Homeland Security: The New Role for Defense
- Author:
- Steven J. Tomisek
- Publication Date:
- 02-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Abstract:
- Americans have become accustomed to the idea of a forward defense of U.S. interests. Accordingly, the Nation has organized, trained, equipped, maintained, and deployed its military forces to deal with threats beyond its shores—an engagement strategy that generally has been met by stationing or deploying over 250,000 U.S. forces at key points around the Eurasian periphery. The strategic construct is evolving to include an element of internal engagement.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, National Security, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- United States
1150. Managing Change: The Reform and Democratic Control of the Security Sector And International Order
- Author:
- Theodor H. Winkler
- Publication Date:
- 10-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF)
- Abstract:
- When the Berlin Wall came crashing down and the Cold War reluctantly proved, to everybody's surprise, to be truly over, there was an apparent, almost embarrassing inability to define the key parameters that would mark the new era that had obviously dawned. Even to give it a name proved difficult. The best attempt still remains “Post Cold War World”, i.e. a negative description (the absence of the Cold War) and not a positive analysis of what truly marks the emerging new international system.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Civil Society, Cold War, Democratization, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Europe