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1. Trend of Bhutan’s Trade during 1907-26: Import

Author:
Ratna Sarkar and Indrajit Ray
Publication Date:
05-2019
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Bhutan Studies
Institution:
Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies (CBS)
Abstract:
It is logical to expect that quantitative and qualitative changes in Bhutan’s export during the period of Ugyen Wangchuck should be corresponded by similar changes in her imports. For one thing, when a country’s export grows over a longer period, the accumulation of foreign exchange in that country enables her to import more. Indeed, since both exports and imports, especially their growth and diversification, depend on the changes in the domestic economy (along with changes in the rest-of-the-world), in most cases do we observe simultaneous changes in both these fronts. The present article seeks to assess to what extent Bhutan’s import changed during the years of the First Monarch. The organisation of the study is as follows. While section I seeks to measure the quantitative aspect of change in Bhutan’s import during the study period, the following two sections discuss the changes in the origin and composition of her import respectively. Section IV gives the summary.
Topic:
History, Economy, Exports, and Trade
Political Geography:
South Asia and Bhutan

2. Export Price of Electricity in Bhutan: The Case of Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project

Author:
Sangay Chophel
Publication Date:
02-2016
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Bhutan Studies
Institution:
Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies (CBS)
Abstract:
There has been substantial cost escalation on the ongoing hydropower projects in Bhutan, exerting pressure on already ballooning national debt. This has raised concerns on whether the benefits of hydropower projects outweigh the costs and on the preciseness of its costing. Based on data available in the detailed project reports and the agreement signed between India and Bhutan, this paper examines the financial viability of Mangdechhu project by employing two different methods: cost-plus method and financial cost-benefit analysis. The results show that cost-plus method undervalues the total cost of the project. The impact of changes in several parameters and cost overrun on tariff is also analyzed in this paper.
Topic:
Development, Economy, Exports, Electricity, Energy, and Hydropower
Political Geography:
South Asia and Bhutan

3. Trend of Bhutan’s Trade during 1907-26: Export

Author:
Ratna Sarkar and Indrajit Ray
Publication Date:
03-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Bhutan Studies
Institution:
Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies (CBS)
Abstract:
Though the Bhutanese trade with India had been in a flourishing state during the sixteenth-nineteenth centuries, it got added impetus at the debut of the twentieth century because of successive international and domestic events in this Himalayan kingdom. Political activities around Bhutan, especially by Russia, made the British interested to forge a trade relation of India with that country. While an outside impetus had thus been burgeoning for her trade to make a break through, the election of the Tongsa Penlop, Ugyen Wangchuck in 1907 as the first King of Bhutan added further fuel to it as he was a supporter of trade and development in the domestic economy. It is, therefore, expected that trade flourished in Bhutan under the reign of King Ugyen Wangchuck (1907-1926). The objective of this article is to analyse this trend of trade in general, and that of export trade in particular. The organisation of the study is as follows. In section I we analyse the trend of merchandise export of Bhutan to British India during the reign of King Ugyen Wangchuck. Section II explains the destination of export trade of Bhutan. Section III makes an attempt to analyse the composition of exports. The main findings are summarised in section IV.
Topic:
History, Exports, and Trade
Political Geography:
South Asia, India, and Bhutan