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511. COVID-19: In Search of Solutions for Maritime Supply Chains

Author:
Chin Yim Leng
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Maritime Institute of Malaysia
Abstract:
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a remarkable impact on maritime supply chains. Since its first case in the capital of China’s Hubei province, Wuhan, Chinese seaborne trading activities were greatly affected – reports of weakening manufacturing confidence, decreasing demand for non-essential goods worldwide, and reduced workforce has surfaced since the massive transmission of COVID-19 in January 2020. Many European and Asian countries, including the United States, have responded to the pandemic in March 2020 by imposing strict containment measures. The implementation of national lockdowns or movement restrictions in pandemic-affected countries has led to rapid contractions in maritime supply chains. The wide-ranging impacts of COVID-19 on manufacturing and trading demands have created the need for different importing speeds based on essentiality, thus deteriorating the maritime supply chains. Governments and relevant authorities, as well as private entities, should take initiatives to ensure that maritime supply chains remain fully functional for national and commercial interests as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. It could be ideal to adopt digitalisation and blockchains as these digital processes are easy to access and control in optimising the efficiency of maritime supply chains amidst the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance, Maritime, Pandemic, COVID-19, and Supply Chains
Political Geography:
China and Asia

512. Impact of US-China Trade Tensions, the Coronavirus, and the Plunge of Oil Prices on the Malaysian Maritime Transportation Industry

Author:
Ang Chin Hup
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Maritime Institute of Malaysia
Abstract:
Malaysia’s maritime transportation industry has seen growth from the benefits of the nation’s strategic location, well-developed infrastructure, and buoyant economy. Recently, this growth has lost its momentum since it became affected by the US and China trade tensions, the Coronavirus pandemic, and the plunge in oil prices. The trade tensions affected Malaysia’s ports handling exports to China. The plunge of oil prices affects demand for bunker oil due to reduced shipping activities. Meanwhile, the Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted port operations. As solutions for these impacts, this paper recommends a diversified supply chain, logistics-centric port, a comprehensive bunkering strategy, and strict compliance to IMO’s conventions.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance, Oil, Pandemic, Industry, COVID-19, and Energy
Political Geography:
Malaysia and Asia

513. A preliminary assessment of the impacts, implications, and opportunities of COVID-19 on the coastal and marine environment and resources

Author:
Cheryl Rita Kaur
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Maritime Institute of Malaysia
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies how human impacts on the natural ecosystems can result in a widespread environmental, social and economic consequences across the globe, including Malaysia. The need to enhance environmental and biodiversity protection is more apparent than ever. Year 2020 has in fact become a year of reflection and opportunity to improve our actions on safeguarding the coastal and marine environment, resources and biodiversity at large, as well as related sectors and industries. This brief piece examines some of the impacts and implications seen in addressing the pandemic, and the way forward.
Topic:
Climate Change, Environment, Maritime, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Global Focus

514. Geo-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Maritime Sector in Malaysia

Author:
Sumathy Permal and Norsyihan Jamal
Publication Date:
04-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Maritime Institute of Malaysia
Abstract:
The cascading effect of the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) that originated in Wuhan, China, is producing widespread reverberations around the globe and impacting almost every facet of life as we know it today. This article discusses the impact of Covid-19 on the geo-economics and maritime sector of Malaysia. A study by McKinsey states that the pandemic is expected to peak in the US and Europe in May 2020 and, as such, its full-fledged impact has not yet been felt. The pandemic has a corresponding effect on the global economy, which is expected to suffer major declines in consumption and production throughout the year. The global supply chain has been hard-hit with dire consequences for international trade and the shipping industry.
Topic:
Economics, International Trade and Finance, Maritime, Pandemic, COVID-19, and Supply Chains
Political Geography:
Malaysia and Asia

515. COVID-19: Lessons from the Black Death

Author:
Peter L. Larson
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
In order to map our future, we may look to the past on how health threats changed societies … or did they?
Topic:
Health, Public Health, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Global Focus

516. Climate Change and COVID-19: There Is More Than One Curve to Flatten

Author:
Dania El Akkwai
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
What COVID-19 response can tell us about our readiness to deal with climate change
Topic:
Climate Change, Environment, Public Health, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Global Focus

517. Egypt’s Most Vulnerable and COVID-19

Author:
Elena Habersky
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
Are refugees and asylum seekers protected by its strong domestic laws and international commitments?
Topic:
Refugees, Asylum, Humanitarian Crisis, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Africa and Egypt

518. Sustainable Humanism Needed

Author:
Peter J. Jacques
Publication Date:
09-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
COVID-19 has become a central election issue, but to overcome this urgent health crisis America needs to tune out the echo chambers that repeat medical misinformation and conspiracies.
Topic:
Elections, Public Health, Sustainability, Pandemic, COVID-19, Misinformation, and Health Crisis
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

519. The World Is Watching the United States

Author:
Diana Bartelli Carlin
Publication Date:
09-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
The United States is facing a perfect storm that puts it in the headlights of its counterparts’ world views.
Topic:
Governance, Radicalization, Leadership, Discrimination, Violence, Public Health, Pandemic, COVID-19, and Racism
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

520. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh

Author:
Asadul Islam, Atiya Rahman, and Rafia Nisat
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), Brac University
Abstract:
Like other economic players, the novel pandemic severely hit small businesses—the larger source of growth and employment but also the most vulnerable sector—by disrupting national and international business networks, supply chain, and demand. To understand the evolving state of small enterprises during pre, par, and post-lockdown periods, BIGD in collaboration with Monash University, Australia conducted a survey on small enterprises, mostly light-engineering firms, and young workers across 18 districts in Bangladesh. The study finds that lockdown measures caused the majority of small enterprises to shut down, and during the early period of relaxing the lockdown, one-third of the enterprises were operating at limited capacity. Demand drop and the burden of fixed costs to run the businesses were the prominent reasons behind the drastic fall in profit. As a result, workers were losing jobs and the gender gap was widening, because female labour-intensive work (i.e. beauty parlour, tailoring) was affected harder. Other findings of concern include the emerging vulnerabilities for the enterprises with lower endowment and poor access to government stimulus packages and other financial support. The study emphasises on the importance of concrete targeting criteria and support delivery platforms to assist more vulnerable enterprises. Finally, it highlights that the enterprises that received BRAC’s intensive training on occupational health and safety (OHS), along with business training and financial linkages, made double profit compared to their counterparts. However, the absolute amount of profit was substantially lower for both groups, compared to their pre-COVID profit, indicating the importance of scaling up such intensive training to create more resilient enterprises in such crises.
Topic:
Development, Employment, Economy, Business, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Bangladesh and South Asia