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281. The Weight of History: Challenges for Police in the Governance of Cybercrime in Spain

Author:
Cristina Del Real
Publication Date:
12-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
El cibercrimen presenta diversos desafíos para la policía, incluyendo la complejidad y globalidad de las acciones criminales, la dificultad de rastrear el ciberespacio y la constante evolución de estas actividades delictivas. A través del marco conceptual de institucionalismo histórico y discursivo, este artículo explora los retos de la policía en la gobernanza del cibercrimen en España. El artículo destaca la importancia de situar la policía en el contexto del sistema de gobernanza de la ciberseguridad para comprender sus desafíos y adaptaciones. A través del análisis de 36 documentos clave, se argumenta que los orígenes y la evolución de las políticas de ciberseguridad se fundamentaron en narrativas centradas en la protección de la información y el incremento de la confianza de la sociedad en las tecnologías digitales, ambas narrativas alejadas del discurso centrado en la ciberdelincuencia. El estudio de caso en España enriquece la literatura sobre gobernanza de la ciberseguridad al explorar cómo la evolución histórica y las narrativas impactan en la posición de los actores involucrados en el sistema de gobernanza.
Topic:
Crime, Governance, Cybersecurity, Institutionalism, and Police
Political Geography:
Europe and Spain

282. Cooperation on Readmission in the Euro-Mediterranean Area and Beyond: Lessons Learned and Unlearned

Author:
Jean-Pierre Cassarino, Lorenzo Gabrielli, and Delphine Perrin
Publication Date:
04-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
IEMed/EuroMeSCo
Abstract:
This joint policy study examines the European Union’s (EU) readmission system in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean and Euro-African regions and its impact on interstate cooperation, human rights observance, and migrants’ conditions. The authors suggest rethinking how these issues are tackled by emphasising that asymmetrical patterns of cooperation on readmission result not only from unequal costs and benefits but also from meaningful relations between state actors. The study discusses how cooperation on readmission between EU and non-EU countries in the Mediterranean and Africa has altered patterns of interdependence and interactions beyond migration governance. It explores how informalisation has been presented as a solution to uncertainties, with some non-EU countries expressing their own reverse conditionalities and reveals the limits of international cooperation on readmission. The study analyses the case of Morocco, which has become a crucial player in controlling migration between Europe and Africa, and how it has skilfully leveraged its cooperation with the EU to achieve its own goals. It advocates for a more balanced approach to migration management that takes into account human rights and the need for formal migration pathways. It looks into the negative effects of intra-African expulsions on migrants’ human rights and the safety of people on the move and discusses how the physical obstacles to mobility have resulted in violence and social instability, which has led to less safe, orderly, and regular migration within Africa.
Topic:
Human Rights, Migration, Regional Cooperation, Governance, and European Union
Political Geography:
North Africa, Morocco, and Mediterranean

283. 10th edition of “Trust in Governance”, annual public opinion poll in Albania

Author:
Institute for Democracy and Mediation (IDM)
Publication Date:
07-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Institute for Democracy and Mediation (IDM)
Abstract:
The annual Trust in Governance Opinion Poll with the first organized in 2013, presents its milestone tenth edition. The 2022 report encapsulates an overview of significant trends that have emerged across years and examines the findings from the year. The Trust in Governance Opinion Poll explores public perceptions and attitudes on issues such as trust in public institutions transparency and accountability of public institutions, prevalence of corruption, level of citizen engagement in policy and decision-making, satisfaction with public-service delivery and enforcement of non-discriminatory laws and policies. It generates data that can be utilized to enhance major reforms related to good governance, anti-corruption, the judiciary and cross-cutting issues such as gender equality and social inclusion.
Topic:
Corruption, Governance, Public Opinion, Transparency, and Trust
Political Geography:
Europe, Balkans, and Albania

284. Oversight and Accountability to Improve Security Sector Governance in Africa

Author:
Dan Kuwali
Publication Date:
09-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Abstract:
The security sector is equally subject to the law and oversight institutions as any other public agency. Weak security sector oversight institutions inhibit security sector professionalism in Africa. Stronger internal and external oversight is an essential element of enhancing security sector effectiveness. Security organs should construct institutional frameworks that nurture professionalism and a consistent apolitical posture. When security actors allow themselves to become politicized, they erode the credibility of security institutions among the population and can themselves become a security threat to citizens.
Topic:
Security, Governance, Accountability, and Professionalism
Political Geography:
Africa

285. Youth Political Participation in Africa: Lessons from the 2023 Nigerian Presidential Elections

Author:
Ngwang Roger
Publication Date:
04-2023
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
The Nkafu Policy Institute
Abstract:
African youths have long represented a significant constituency for electoral mobilization across the continent. The question of youth political participation in Africa has continued to gain traction over the years, following the increased rate of electoral violence experienced across the continent since the 1990s. It has been argued that youths have been at the center of these violent electoral encounters because of their demographic majority and hopeless and disadvantaged status (Ojok & Acol, 2017). Although the dominant political elite utilizes youths’ underprivileged and demographic dominance to safeguard their interests, some young men and women still utilize their creativity and agency to maneuver through the bottleneck systems created by states and political elites (Honwana, 2012; Mugisha et al., 2016). In contemporary times where Africa is experiencing a burgeoning youth population, youths’ political engagement is becoming increasingly more important than ever before. It has been argued that African youths tend to vote less and express less interest in partisanship than older citizens (Resnick & Casale, 2011). This correlates with the suggestion that young people are less involved in politics in young democratic systems than matured democracies (Freeman, 2013; Gaby, 2016). Youths’ poor manifestation of civic engagement across the African continent is linked to the democratization process plagued with several political, governance, and socio-economic challenges (UNECA, 2017).
Topic:
Governance, Elections, Democracy, Youth, and Political Participation
Political Geography:
Africa

286. Smart Cities: Promoting Urban Governance in India

Author:
Centre for Policy Research
Publication Date:
12-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Centre for Policy Research, India
Abstract:
Recognising the role of cities as catalysts for economic progress, India has placed technology adoption at the heart of governance transformations via its Smart Cities Mission (SCM). Moreover, India’s adoption of smart city solutions has been unique in also responding to the country’s diverse urban contexts and specific urban governance challenges, which this report focuses on capturing. By allowing cities’ choice to interpret ‘smartness’ as per local needs and contexts, the SCM has encouraged cities to have diverse and, in several instances, more resident-centric project portfolios. Bringing in innovative institutional mechanisms, for instance the special purpose vehicle, has afforded localised decision-making flexibility and power to implement projects quickly and efficiently, though concerns about the sustainability of these institutional interventions remain. Lastly, the adoption of data-driven technology and infrastructure across smart cities has not only enhanced service delivery and emergency response but also provided an avenue to improve interdepartmental coordination. Particularly encouraging is the first-time data-based urban transformations unfolding in the mid-sized cities. Improved governance in this fast-growing segment of the Indian urban landscape is expected to yield multiple positive spillovers for economic growth and social cohesion.
Topic:
Governance, Economy, Urban, and Cities
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

287. Iran’s Khuzestan: Thirst and Turmoil

Author:
International Crisis Group
Publication Date:
08-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
International Crisis Group
Abstract:
Episodes of unrest in Iran often unfold similarly: the government nods to public concerns, but then resorts to repression, setting the stage for another confrontation between state and society. The pattern is clearest in peripheral provinces like Khuzestan, where a pressing grievance is water scarcity.
Topic:
Natural Resources, Water, Governance, Services, and Civil Unrest
Political Geography:
Iran, Middle East, and Khuzestan

288. Gobernanza democrática y nueva Constitución de Chile

Author:
Pablo Rubio Apiolaza and Pedro A. Martínez Lillo
Publication Date:
11-2023
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Fundación Alternativas
Abstract:
El presente Documento de Trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar y analizar los elementos más relevantes del Proceso Constitucional de Chile en 2023, tomando en consideración la mejora de la gobernanza democrática. Se aborda un breve contexto histórico y político sobre el último ciclo constituyente en Chile, desde los gobiernos de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia hasta el presente año. Luego, se plantea reconocer y analizar los ejes principales del texto de Nueva Constitución que se plebiscitará el 17 de diciembre de 2023, en cuanto a sus contenidos centrales, mostrando sus consensos y disensos en un amplio campo de materias. Más adelante se identifican los principales partidos y sectores influyentes en el proceso constitucional y en el debate político, además de la evolución de la opinión pública. Finalmente, se exploran algunas perspectivas o escenarios futuros sobre la posibilidad de establecer consensos amplios entre las diversas fuerzas políticas chilenas, destacando la eventual presencia de una hegemonía conservadora en el diseño y contenidos de una nueva Constitución.
Topic:
Governance, Democracy, Constitution, and Domestic Politics
Political Geography:
South America and Chile

289. Enabling Just Change in the International Health Care Governance

Author:
Srdan Hercigonja
Publication Date:
06-2023
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP)
Abstract:
This publication comes after months of research conducted by the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, in collaboration with its partners in the Western Balkans region - Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (Prishtina), Centre for Security Studies (Sarajevo), Institute Alternative (Podgorica), Institute for Democracy and Mediation (Tirana) and Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis” (Skopje). The first stage focused on desk research over the course of nine months. Extensive desk research followed, with semi-structured interviews with public health experts conducted in order to assess the pandemic management in each of the Western Balkan countries – North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The second stage of the research was focused on the reform of the global health governance system and structures. This part of the research implied semi-structured interviews and discussions with global health experts, as well as with experts in global governance. The baseline for the set of recommendations presented in this paper is that pandemics remain one of the most serious threats to human, national, and global security. Therefore, fundamental reforms of global health governance must be implemented in order for the global society to be better prepared for the next pandemic. Two external experts also contributed to this paper.
Topic:
Security, Health, Governance, and Crisis Management
Political Geography:
Europe, Kosovo, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Western Balkans

290. Research Report: Women’s Meaningful Participation in Post-Conflict: Mechanisms and Challenges in Colombia, Nepal and South Sudan

Author:
Jocelyne Enriquez, Ali Foote, Alani Frace, Pía Madanes Quintanilla, and Siaira Milroy
Publication Date:
10-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP)
Abstract:
The inclusion of women in peace processes and post-conflict governance has been shown to have positive effects on the duration of peace and on social inclusion.1 For instance, women representatives might encourage an increase of resources spent on public services rather than on the military2 and they improve public perceptions of the government which contributes to preventing conflict relapse.3 These conflict-prevention effects are highly desirable, reinforcing the call for the participation of women at all decision-making levels in national, regional, and international institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict. This is reinforced by United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution (SCR) 1325 and subsequent resolutions on women’s participation in peace processes: SCRs 1889 (2013), 2122 (2013), 2242 (2015), and 2493 (2019). Post-conflict peacebuilding contexts generate opportunities for women advocates to demand the presence of women in decision-making spaces and the wider public sphere,4 which contributes to women’s empowerment.5 Research on the correlation between the end of war and women’s increased political participation further illustrates this point. Tripp’s 2015 research6 on Africa and Berry’s 2018 research7 in Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina have found that conflict resolution in these contexts have had positive effects on women’s political agency.
Topic:
Governance, Women, Participation, Post-Conflict, and Peacebuilding
Political Geography:
Colombia, Nepal, South Sudan, and Global Focus