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2. Pakistan’s quest for soft power status: A case study from 2018 to 2022
- Author:
- Faiza Idrees and Azhar Shahbaz Khan
- Publication Date:
- 12-2024
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Political Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- In international politics the impression of the state is significant in order to achieve a convincing position. Soft power helps a state to establish its image globally. This article analyses how Pakistan is striving for Soft power status. The time period under study is from 2018 -2022. It also highlights the Role of state and individuals in pursuing the status of Soft Power. To answer the questions the researcher has explained the efforts of different government institutions and various individuals and the outcomes of their activities, especially during a time when the nation is frequently labeled a "failed state." Through a careful academic analysis, a case for the potential of soft power to transform Pakistan's international reputation has been presented.
- Topic:
- Religion, Food, Tourism, Culture, Soft Power, and Music
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
3. The Economic Impact of Aviation in Dubai
- Author:
- Sami Hamroush, Tim Porteous, and Mohammad Shafat
- Publication Date:
- 12-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Oxford Economics
- Abstract:
- Dubai is a major global hub for air travel, with its airports serving more than 88 million passengers and the city welcoming 17 million international visitors in 2023. As a global transport and tourism hub, Dubai’s aviation sector plays an integral role in the emirate’s economy. This study—commissioned by Emirates and Dubai Airports—quantifies the economic contributions of Dubai’s aviation sector. This comprehensive study includes an assessment of direct economic activity generated by businesses in the aviation sector, indirect activity stimulated across the sector’s supply chain, and induced activity supported through wage-funded consumption by employees. The study also assesses the catalytic impact of tourism spending facilitated by the aviation sector.
- Topic:
- Economics, Tourism, Aviation, and Airports
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Dubai, and Gulf Nations
4. Youth Employment in Tourism: A Multidimensional Approach of Job Quality in Latin America
- Author:
- Malena Dolcet, Natalia Porto, and Joaqu´ın Zarrilli
- Publication Date:
- 08-2024
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS)
- Abstract:
- Young people entering the labor markets face several and important challenges. These issues deepen due to rooted structural barriers such as informality or precarity, low-paid jobs, and low economic growth in regions like Latin America and sectors such as tourism (Abramo, 2022). Tourism has great potential to employ many of these young people because it provides opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers, it has low barriers to entry and flexible conditions, and it provides critical skills for their professional life. However, the youth population needs to reduce the gap between their available skills and experienced gained and the future requirements of labor markets to avoid being socially excluded. We apply the multidimensional poverty methodology developed by Alkire and Foster (2011) to build a Quality of Employment index (QoE) for young workers employed in the tourism industry in Latin America for the period 2015-2019. Focusing on two groups of young workers -super young for those aged 15 to 24 and young those aged 25 to 35- we consider several aspects of working conditions and discuss some differences in job quality across countries by gender and education considering different levels of deprivation in the index. The results suggest a high level of deprivation in the young workers, specially in the super young group. However, employment quality increased in both groups for all countries in the region during the period 2015-2019.
- Topic:
- Tourism, Employment, Youth, and Labor Market
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
5. El Salvador: Surfing in the “New Land of the Free?”
- Author:
- Julián Reingold
- Publication Date:
- 05-2023
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
- Abstract:
- The expansion of the Surf City tourism project towards the eastern and unexploited part of the country raises concerns over democracy, sustainability, and land ownership.
- Topic:
- Tourism, Democracy, Land Rights, Sustainability, and Surfing
- Political Geography:
- Latin America, Central America, and El Salvador
6. Tourism in the South Caucasus region during the post-pandemic period
- Author:
- Murad Agayev
- Publication Date:
- 01-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Economic and Social Development (CESD)
- Abstract:
- This article explores the tourism sector of the South Caucasus region in the post-pandemic period. In general, due to the pandemic, the share of the tourism sector in the global GDP has decreased by more than 2 times. In the post-pandemic period, although the share of the sector in the global GDP has increased again, it lags behind the statistics of the pre-pandemic period. Surrounded by the Black Sea from the west and the Caspian Sea from the east, the South Caucasus region has a unique nature, rich historical and cultural heritage, unique gastronomy, traditions and riches that transcend national borders.
- Topic:
- Tourism, GDP, and COVID-19
- Political Geography:
- Azerbaijan and South Caucasus
7. What Japanese Tourism Amenities are Influenced in Terms of Affecting Inbound Tourist Demand?
- Author:
- Yoko Konishi and Takashi Saito
- Publication Date:
- 08-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- Since 2012, the number of inbound tourists to Japan has increased every year, and new records of tourism-related economic indicators are being updated. On the other hand, the sudden inbound boom has led to a concentration of travel destinations, and over-tourism has become a problem. In this paper, we first statistically observe the concentration of tourists by accommodation type for each country of origin. Second, by identifying tourism amenities that contribute to inbound demand, we gain the knowledge necessary to shift demand from facilities with a high concentration of inbound tourists to facilities with lower occupancy. For the analysis, we utilised establishment data from the Online Travel Agency ‘Accommodation Travel Statistics Survey’ and data on tourism resources by region. The results show that the number of rooms, average price, membership of the hotel in a chain, internet availability, room type, number of World Heritage sites, and number of direct flights positively affect inbound demand. In particular, for ryokan (Japanese-style inns) with low occupancy rates and inbound guest ratios, their independence, internet availability, Western-style room availability, number of World Heritage sites, and hot spring facilities are effective in capturing demand.
- Topic:
- Economics, Tourism, Hospitality, and Travel
- Political Geography:
- Japan and Asia
8. Istanbul Journal of Economics: Volume 73 Issue 2
- Author:
- Gökhan Karabulut
- Publication Date:
- 12-2023
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Istanbul Journal of Economics
- Institution:
- Istanbul University Faculty of Economics
- Abstract:
- Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published two times a year in June and December. It has been an official publication of Istanbul University Faculty of Economics since 1939. The manuscripts submitted for publication in the journal must be scientific and original work in Turkish or English. Being one of the earliest peer-reviewed academic journals in Turkey in the area of economics, Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi aims to provide a forum for exploring issues in basicly economics and publish both disciplinary and multidisciplinary articles. Economics is the main scope of the journal. However, multidisciplinary and comparative approaches are encouraged as well and articles from various social science areas such as sociology of economics, history, social policy, international relations, financial studies are welcomed in this regard. The target group of the journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.
- Topic:
- Debt, Economics, Globalization, Tourism, Capitalism, Finance, Ethics, Economic Growth, Tax Systems, Macroeconomics, and Unemployment
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Middle East
9. Tourism Exports, Digitalisation, and Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Indonesia
- Author:
- Mini P. Thomas, Archana Srivastava, and Keerti Mallela
- Publication Date:
- 12-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- This study aims to examine the relationship amongst tourism exports, digitalisation, and employment in tourism and allied sectors of Indonesia; and to throw light on how low-, medium, and high-skilled employment have been impacted during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We include both transport service exports and travel service exports within the ambit of tourism exports. Digitalisation is defined in terms of digitally deliverable services. The study classifies employment at varying skill levels on the basis of educational qualifications, and occupation-based skill classification is used as a robustness check. The COVID-19 pandemic is captured with the help of a time dummy variable and also using the Stringency Index. The study estimates the bound testing approach to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model using quarterly time series data, and the autoregressive moving average with exogenous variable (ARMAX) model using monthly time series data, to understand the nature of the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics amongst the variables of interest. The study establishes the presence of cointegration amongst employment, tourism exports, digitalisation, and other control variables in all four cases – total employment, and low-, medium-, and high-skilled employment. We find tourism exports to have a positive and significant impact on employment, except high-skilled employment. Digitalisation of tourism exports is found to have a significant but negative impact on the total, low-skilled and medium-skilled employment. The COVID-19 pandemic is also found to have a negative and significant impact on total employment in Indonesia, with low-skilled employment being the worst affected
- Topic:
- Tourism, Employment, Exports, COVID-19, and Digitalization
- Political Geography:
- Indonesia, Asia, and Southeast Asia
10. Visa Digitalization and Tourism in Cameroon: A Promising Future?
- Author:
- Yollande Meli Tankeu and Boris Andzanga Ndzana
- Publication Date:
- 07-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Nkafu Policy Institute
- Abstract:
- Cameroon is endowed with a culture rich in natural reserves and breathtaking landscapes, making it a popular destination for tourists from all over the world. However, the cost and hassle of obtaining a visa have long been one of the main obstacles to the growth of tourism in Cameroon. In order to respond to the growing interest of travelers and to make Cameroon a preferred destination for tourists, the government has recently made significant progress by switching from the manual visa procedure to the electronic visa procedure. By Decree No. 2023/147 of March 2, 2023 (1), the electronic visa application came into force on April 30, 2023, in diplomatic missions, consular posts, international airports, air, land, and sea borders. It could be a potential solution to boost tourism in Cameroon. This transition to a digital visa procedure has many advantages. This article analyses the impact visa digitalization on the tourism sector in Cameroon. In the first part, the paper will present an overview of tourism in Cameroon, and in the second part, the expected effects of visa digitalization on the tourism sector in Cameroon.
- Topic:
- Economics, Tourism, Visa, and Digitalization
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Cameroon