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33252. Chechen Militia Threaten Increased Terrorism
- Author:
- Tamara Makarenko
- Publication Date:
- 05-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, St. Andrews University, Scotland
- Abstract:
- Chechen resistance movements have reorganised to adjust to the post 11 September 2001 security environment, and appear to be adopting more lethal terrorist tactics. Tamara Makarenko reports.
- Topic:
- Security, Economics, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Asia, and Moscow
33253. Balance of Power, Democracy and Foreign Policy in South America's Southern Cone
- Author:
- Farid Kahhat
- Publication Date:
- 12-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this paper is to assess the merits of two contending theories (balance of power and democratic peace) on the relationship between regime type (e.g., democratic or authoritarian) and foreign policy orientation (i.e., relative proneness towards conflict and cooperation) for the case of South America's Southern Cone between 1970 and 1995. I will argue that a balance of power perspective does not provide a persuasive explanation of changing patterns of inter-state conflict and cooperation within this region during the period under scrutiny. In turn, I will suggest that many attempts to test democratic peace theory beyond the industrialized democracies in the post-war era may be conceptually flawed.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Democratization, Government, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- South America
33254. Straight as a Rule:Heteronormativity, Gendercide, and the Non-Combatant Male
- Author:
- Adam Jones
- Publication Date:
- 11-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- This paper is an extension of the author's research into the vulnerability of non-combatant “battle-age” males in situations of war and genocide. It explores the role of heteronormativity – defined as “culturally hegemonic heterosexuality” – in shaping the victimization experiences of male noncombatants. An introductory section addresses definitional issues and frames the discussion in terms of the study of gendercide, or genderselective mass killing. The link between non-combatant status, imputed violations of heteronormativity, and gendercide is then explored. A separate section considers the phenomenon of sexual violence against males in wartime, and asks whether feminist theories of “genocidal rape” can usefully be deployed to assist understanding of this little-studied phenomenon. The conclusion cites some remaining conceptual and conventional obstacles to research on male non-combatants, and suggests avenues for further investigation.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Genocide, Human Welfare, and War
33255. Los estudios de seguridad tras el fin de la Guerra Fría.
- Author:
- Farid Kahhat
- Publication Date:
- 09-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this paper is to compare a neorealist perspective on security issues with new perspectives on the subject that have gained ground since the end of the Cold War. The neorealist perspective privileges the state as the object of reference of security policies, while guaranteeing its political survival is seen as their ultimate aim (which implies, at the very least, to preserve an institutional control over a given territory). In turn, the main threats to the survival of the state are essentially foreign military threats, represented by the regular armies of neighboring states. Therefore, military arsenals provide the most effective means to cope with those threats.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, Cold War, and War
33256. Materiales para la Docencia: El Marco Conceptual B á sico de la Disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales
- Author:
- Arturo Borja Tamayo
- Publication Date:
- 04-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- This working paper provides a discussion of the basic conceptual framework of the discipline of international relations. It is designed to support the teaching of I.R. in Spanish, and is part of an introductory textbook the author is currently preparing. The first section deals with the concept of the international system, explaining the different meanings of anarchy and order in both international and domestic politics. Next, historical examples are used to explore the three levels of analysis: the individual and the decision-making process; the political units; and the systemic level. The last section deals with the various actors in international politics. Throughout the paper, some of the conceptual differences between the two dominant approaches of the discipline, realism and liberalism, are identified.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, Education, and Politics
33257. Legal Integration in North America: Domestic and Multilateral Comparisons
- Author:
- Imtiaz Hussain
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- With so much attention riveted upon economic integration today, another form of integration, having to do with the laws, constitutional provisions, and judicial arrangements countries abide by, has received considerably less attention. To partly redress that imbalance, a case study of legal integration in North America is undertaken. Building upon the specific dispute settlement arrangements of chapters 19 and 20 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, two comparative studies are pursued—the first between the legal practices, constitutional requirements, and judicial contexts in Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the other between NAFTA, GATT, and the World Trade Organization provisions. Two broad findings undergird legal integration in North America: The recognition of the need a) for at least three forms of reciprocal relationships: between economic and legal forms of integration; regional procedures and their domestic counterparts; and regional procedures and their multilateral counterparts; and b) to keep the state an active participant in supranational efforts by leaving a veto power over such developments or the exit option with the state, and thereby accomodating domestic interests and cross-national divergences as widely as possible.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- North America
33258. Banking Reform and Development in the Middle East and Africa
- Author:
- Catherine Boone and Henry Clement
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- This study underscores the strategic role —both political and economic— of banking sector reform in the overall pursuit of economic development and democratization. It compares trajectories of banking sector reform in Middle Eastern and African countries that have remained on the margins of the new global economy. A close look shows that there governments' willingness to embrace reform has differed across contexts, as has the extent and pace of reform. Meanwhile, the effects of reform have also been very uneven. We model this variation in reform trajectories and its outcomes, propose a theoretical explanation for it, and use a set of case studies to illustrate the contrasts and causal dynamics that we have identified. Our main claim is that structural features of national political economies go far in defining actual trajectories of banking sector reform and liberalization. Structural features of national political economies that we define as key are the strength of indigenous private sector, and how it is linked to the state and foreign capital. We propose a typology of banking structure and reform trajectories and use case studies from the Middle East and Africa to illustrate variation in the politics of banking sector reform.
- Topic:
- Development and Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United States, Middle East, Canada, North America, and Mexico
33259. Mexico and the WTO: A Regional Player in Multilateral Trade Negotiations
- Author:
- Antonio Ortiz Mena
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- This working paper assesses the impact of the Uruguay Round Agreements of multilateral trade negotiation (MTN) on Mexico and determines the priorities of business and government for an upcoming round of MTN. It draws on secondary sources as well as interviews with business organizations representing Mexico' most important export industries and import-competing sectors. It proceeds as follows: the first section gives an overview of trade polity reforms since 1982; section two covers Mexico's regional trade agreements with special emphasis on the North American Free Trade Agreement; the third section provides and outline of Mexico's current trade policies; the fourth section consists of an assessment of the costs and benefits of Mexico's current World Trade Organization commitments' the fifth sections sets out the views of government and business on a new round of MTN; and the sixth section concludes.
- Topic:
- Security, Economics, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- North America and Mexico
33260. The Institutional Structure of Financial and Monetary Integration the Americas
- Author:
- Antonio Ortiz Mena and Susan Minushkin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- Globalization, understood as "an open market place free of institutional or locational constraints" (Weiss) seems to have taken hold of the Americas - for better or worse. There are currently numerous preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in the region. Yet, how close is this image to reality? Do American countries have the institutional framework required to allow a relatively free flow of goods, services and capital within the region? This paper looks into the institutional structures required for financial and monetary integration, through an analysis of BITs, investment and trade in financial services provisions in PTAs, capital account regimes, exchange rate structures, and the possibilities for debt and equity financing within the Americas. It is an empirically-oriented paper that attempts to assess the degree of compatibility between the current institutional structure governing financial and monetary relations in the Americas, and the possibility of attaining relatively free flow of capital and integrated financial markets in the region.
- Topic:
- Economics, Globalization, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- America and North America