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341. Liberalization of Trade in Services: Toward a Harmonized ASEAN++ FTA

Author:
Hikari Ishido and Yoshifumi Fukunaga
Publication Date:
03-2012
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Abstract:
The East Asian countries are seriously discussing the consolidation of ASEAN+1 FTAs to develop so-called ASEAN++ FTA or RCEP. The detailed analysis of services chapters in the existing ASEAN+1 FTAs gives insights to services trade liberalization in this new trade agreement. In order for ASEAN and its FTA partners to gain substantial new commitments that are genuinely "plus" to the existing trade pacts, both WTO GATS and ASEAN+1 FTAs, ASEAN++ countries should aim at an ambitious level of liberalization much higher than the AFAS package 5. Also, the detailed analysis suggests a policy option of narrowing the types of services trade limitations, i.e., focusing on three types of limitations and hence improving transparency. Furthermore, we advocate for the needs of prioritizing production-related services sectors in the negotiation. Beyond ASEAN++ FTA, we briefly explain the critical roles of domestic regulatory reform.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance, Reform, Regulation, Services, and Private Sector
Political Geography:
Asia and Southeast Asia

342. The global crisis: Have we learned the right lessons?

Author:
György Surányi
Publication Date:
03-2012
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
The global crisis, which was the worst economic and financial downturn since the Great Depression, revealed the fundamental deficiencies in the global financial system and drastically changed the way we view the world and the global financial system. The crisis challenged long-standing views and ideas, and in response, after the most acute phase of the crisis, joint global efforts were launched to put the system on firm footing again and prevent the next crisis. These efforts can only be successful if we fully understand the root causes of the crisis and learn the right lessons from it. In his E-brief Dr. György Surányi focuses on four topics: regulation, external position, monetary policy and the European debt crisis. This E-brief is based on Dr György Surányi’s presentation at the CASE 2011 International Conference on Europe 2000: Exploring the Future of European Integration held on November 18-19, 2011.
Topic:
Debt, Monetary Policy, Regulation, and Economic Crisis
Political Geography:
Europe

343. Mapping Digital Media: Online Media and Defamation

Author:
Toby Mendel
Publication Date:
04-2011
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Open Society Foundations
Abstract:
The internet is fantastically enabling for the news media, creating previously unimagined possibilities in terms of distribution, audience interaction, and archiving. But it also presents new threats, such as in the area of defamation law, already a significant problem for many media outlets. This paper assesses these problems against international guarantees of freedom of expression and comparative national practice, through both law and self-regulation, highlighting solutions that are more protective of free expression, as well as those that are not. It also probes new ideas such as greater reliance on the right of reply—which the internet enables—and the notion that some spaces on the Internet should be protected against any defamation liability.
Topic:
Communications, Law, Regulation, Media, News Analysis, and Digital Policy
Political Geography:
Global Focus

344. Rethinking International Cooperation: The Case of Regulatory Networks in Competition Policy

Author:
Umut Aydin
Publication Date:
08-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
In the last few decades, globalization has led to the emergence of complex international problems and new methods of cooperation to deal with them such as Transnational Regulatory Networks (TRNs). In this article I argue that dominant rationalist theories of International Relations such as neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism have difficulty accounting for the emergence of TRNS and their effects on state behavior. Thus, there is an increasing need to rethink our concepts and theories of international cooperation with the spread of TRNs. 6 e article explores this argument by focusing on cooperation on competition policy in the International Competition Network.
Topic:
International Relations, International Cooperation, and Regulation
Political Geography:
Global Focus

345. Good Regulation is Good Governance 101

Author:
K N Vaidyanathan
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
Abstract:
There is an immediate need for observance of good governance in regulation and a restructuring of the regulatory architecture. Key to this is the recovery of ground lost by the regulator in ensuring market integrity. In 1925, at the time that Britain reverted to the gold standard, Winston Churchill, then Chancellor, said that he would like to see ‘finance less proud and industry more secure.’ The move was criticized by economists for overvaluation of the British Pound; but the quote was prescient and is especially relevant today, when the hubris of the financial markets has fractured the global economy so excessively. Course correction so far has relied on bailouts. Instead what is immediately needed is the observance of good governance in regulation and in the long term, a restructuring of the regulatory architecture. Key to this is the recovery of ground lost by the regulator in ensuring market integrity, reinforcement of the currency of financial markets viz., trust, and deliverance of market stability which will help the underlying economy and the society at large. In sum: ensuring good regulation through good governance. This is the challenge before regulators today. The impact and import of the global financial crisis can be judged by two simple numbers: global market capitalization and GDP growth. (Source – the World Federation of Exchanges www.world-exchanges.org data.worldbank.org), They grew from $17.1 trillion and $27.5 trillion in 1990 to $ 64.5 trillion and $ 63.2 trillion, in 2007 respectively. A year later, market capitalization had almost halved to $ 33.5 trillion while GDP growth fell from over 5% to 3% in 2008 and -0.5% in 2009. The crisis that surfaced in 2007 has already peaked twice, in 2008 and 2011, and is far from over. In every analysis, financial market regulators have been accused of sleeping at their desks, held captive by the industry, remaining benign as the party went on and even abetting the excesses both wittingly and unwittingly.
Topic:
Economics, Financial Crisis, Governance, Regulation, Central Bank, and Caste
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

346. Good Regulation is Good Governance 101

Author:
K N Vaidyanathan
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
Abstract:
In 1925, at the time that Britain reverted to the gold standard, Winston Churchill, then Chancellor, said that he would like to see ‘finance less proud and industry more secure.’ The move was criticized by economists for overvaluation of the British Pound; but the quote was prescient and is especially relevant today, when the hubris of the financial markets has fractured the global economy so excessively. Course correction so far has relied on bailouts. Instead what is immediately needed is the observance of good governance in regulation and in the long term, a restructuring of the regulatory architecture. Key to this is the recovery of ground lost by the regulator in ensuring market integrity, reinforcement of the currency of financial markets viz., trust, and deliverance of market stability which will help the underlying economy and the society at large. In sum: ensuring good regulation through good governance. This is the challenge before regulators today. The impact and import of the global financial crisis can be judged by two simple numbers: global market capitalization and GDP growth. (Source – the World Federation of Exchanges www.world-exchanges.org data.worldbank.org), They grew from $17.1 trillion and $27.5 trillion in 1990 to $ 64.5 trillion and $ 63.2 trillion, in 2007 respectively. A year later, market capitalization had almost halved to $ 33.5 trillion while GDP growth fell from over 5% to 3% in 2008 and -0.5% in 2009. The crisis that surfaced in 2007 has already peaked twice, in 2008 and 2011, and is far from over. In every analysis, financial market regulators have been accused of sleeping at their desks, held captive by the industry, remaining benign as the party went on and even abetting the excesses both wittingly and unwittingly.
Topic:
Markets, Governance, Regulation, Economy, and Global Financial Crisis
Political Geography:
Global Focus

347. Monument Protection and Zoning in Germany: Regulations and Public Support from an International Perspective

Author:
Wolfgang Maennig
Publication Date:
04-2011
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
Abstract:
Restrictions on new constructions and modernisations occur in almost all countries and numerous regulations apply in Germany. This article outlines regulations regarding the protection of historical buildings, restoration law and preservation statutes and describes compensatory subsidies available in the form of tax benefits and/or grants. The article evaluates German regulations and public supports available for monument protection and modernisation from an international perspective.
Topic:
Regulation, Modernization, Real Estate, Monuments, and Zoning
Political Geography:
Europe and Germany

348. Employment and Labor Regulation: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Bolivia, 1988-2007

Author:
Beatriz Muriel and Carlos Gustavo Machicado
Publication Date:
10-2011
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
Abstract:
This paper analyzes employment in Bolivian registered manufacturing firms during 1988 to 2007, establishing its relationship with labor regulation. Estimating job flows, we find that firms with high temporary worker rates (less labor regulation costs) are those with both higher job reallocation rates and higher net employment growth, and only they contributed to employment growth during the country economic downturn, 1998-1999. In addition, estimating demand functions, we find the following effects of recent changes in labor norms: i) the compulsory basic salary rise in 2006-2009 entailed costs in terms of job losses, 5.6 percent for production workers and 4.8 percent for non-production workers; iii) the major labor costs derived from the new pension law, enacted in 2010, decreased employment demand around 1 percent; and, iv) labor protection policies decreased production workers demand.
Topic:
History, Labor Issues, Employment, Regulation, Business, and Manufacturing
Political Geography:
South America and Bolivia

349. Private Military and Security Companies: Misconceptions, Re-Conceptualisations and Regulation [PDF 368.97KB] Carlos Ortiz

Author:
Carlos Ortiz
Publication Date:
10-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for Global Political Economy, University of Sussex
Abstract:
This paper argues the relevance of the notion of Security Partnerships for the understanding of the role Private Military Companies (PMCs) play in state defence and security. Security Partnerships imply the forging of close and formal patterns of collaboration between governments and PMCs and defence contractors. The notion facilitates an appreciation of the diverse tasks PMCs are contracted to satisfy, the extent to which these tasks permeate defence and security strategies, and the future of the model in light of the global financial downturn. In addition, this paper uses this research to highlight certain limitations of the new proposal for the regulation of PMCs put forward by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in April 2009.
Topic:
Security, Defense Policy, Regulation, and Private Military Companies (PMCs)
Political Geography:
Global Focus

350. European Food Safety Regulation and the Developing Countries: Regulatory problems and possibilities

Author:
Morten Broberg
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
Abstract:
Many developing countries are highly dependent upon exports of agricultural products, and for many of these countries the European Community is the primary export market. Increasingly, however, the developing country exporters are met with stringent food safety law requirements that constitute a virtual barrier to entering the European Community market. Indeed, food safety requirements have been ranked as one of the foremost factors affecting exports of agricultural and food products from developing countries. This working paper identifies those food safety law requirements that cause the most problems for developing countries exporters of food products and it points to possible ways of overcoming them.
Topic:
Agriculture, Markets, Food, European Union, Regulation, Exports, and Food Safety
Political Geography:
Europe