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952. Diagnosing USAID
- Author:
- Amy B. Frumin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Foreign Affairs
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
- Topic:
- Security, Fragile/Failed State, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Washington
953. Improvements for Readers and Authors – Further Enhancing Quality, International Circulation, and Academic Impact
- Author:
- Karsten Giese
- Publication Date:
- 01-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Institution:
- German Institute of Global and Area Studies
- Abstract:
- Since our journal was established as the German language monthly China aktuell in 1972, China has undergone tremendous change and development. Subsequent editors have adjusted to the new trends, changes in the academic environment, and new scholarly demands in the field of modern China studies. Having started as one of the few available sources of academic analysis on China in the 1970s, by the 1980s the journal had become the showcase of the China watching capabilities of the research staff working in the Institute of Asian Affairs (now GIGA Institute of Asian Studies). As information from within China became more accessible during the reform era, the journal successfully deepened both scholarly discussion and international impact. Exactly the apparent over-abundance of information and data from China, the new challenges to research on current phenomena posed by the sheer volume and diversity of information and data, led during the first years of the new millennium the publisher to initiate the next phase of reform, transforming the originally German-language in-house publication China aktuell into the top-quality academic journal for international scholarship in modern China studies you are now holding in your hands under its new title, Journal of Current Chinese Affairs.
- Topic:
- Reform
- Political Geography:
- China
954. China-Southeast Asia Relations
- Author:
- Robert Sutter
- Publication Date:
- 01-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Comparative Connections
- Institution:
- Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
- Abstract:
- Asian commentators who asserted that China and its neighbors could ride out the economic crisis in U.S. and Western financial markets appeared in retreat during the quarter as the impact of the financial turmoil and recession in America and Europe began to have a major effect on China and the region's trade, manufacturing, currency values, and broader economic stability. The hope that China could sustain stable growth independent of the U.S. and Europe and thereby provide an engine of growth for export-oriented Southeast Asian countries was dented by Chinese trade figures that nosedived in November, especially Chinese imports, which fell by 18 percent. The financial crisis also dominated the discussion at the ASEM summit in October. Meanwhile, China continued to pursue infrastructure development projects with its neighbors to the south, resolved the land boundary dispute with Vietnam, and signed a free trade agreement with Singapore. Talk of a planned Chinese aircraft carrier caused some controversy, but on the whole assessments of China's rise were notably more balanced than in the past.
- Topic:
- Economics, Financial Crisis, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, America, Europe, Asia, and Southeast Asia
955. Rethinking Post-War Security Promotion
- Author:
- Robert Muggah and Nat J. Colletta
- Publication Date:
- 02-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Security Sector Management
- Institution:
- Centre for Security Sector Management
- Abstract:
- The intensity and complexity of post-war violence routinely exceeds expectations. Many development and security specialists fear that, if left unchecked, mutating violence can potentially tip 'fragile' societies back into war. An array of 'conventional' security promotion activities are regularly advanced to prevent this from happening, including disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and other forms of security sector reform (SSR). Meanwhile, a host of less widely recognised examples of security promotion activities are emerging that deviate from – and also potentially reinforce – DDR and SSR. Innovation and experimentation by mediators and practitioners has yielded a range of promising activities designed to mitigate the risks and symptoms of post-war violence including interim stabilisation measures and second generation security promotion interventions. Drawing on original evidence, this article considers a number of critical determinants of post-war violence that potentially shape the character and effectiveness of security promotion on the ground. It then issues a typology of security promotion practices occurring before, during and after more conventional interventions such as DDR and SSR. Taken together, the identification of alternative approaches to security promotion implies a challenging new research agenda for the growing field of security and development.
- Topic:
- Security, Development, War, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States
956. Security Sector Reform, Democracy, and the Social Contract: From Implicit to Explicit
- Author:
- Mark Knight
- Publication Date:
- 02-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Security Sector Management
- Institution:
- Centre for Security Sector Management
- Abstract:
- This paper asserts that there is a tension between traditional development paradigms and the post-Cold War leitmotif of democratisation which is as yet unresolved within the present SSR discourse. This tension is identified between what the paper describes as the developmental objectives of SSR, and its inherent democratic articulation. The paper argues that democratic principles remain the organisational logic within which SSR processes are conceived as taking place; and that a democratic environment is supported in order for the purpose of SSR – development – to be achieved. The paper takes issue with this model, and advocates for two alterations in the present SSR discourse. First, that SSR should be viewed as a democratising endeavour, specifically focused upon the security and justice processes, but retaining democracy as its intended measurable output. Second, that the conceptual device of the 'social contract', that describes the citizen/state relationship, should become a pivotal consideration when conceiving and delivering support to SSR processes.
- Topic:
- Cold War, Development, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Europe
957. Beyond Closing Guantanamo: Rebuilding a Transatlantic Partnership in International Law
- Publication Date:
- 03-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- As the administration of Barack Obama begins, the role of the United States in the international legal system will come under great scrutiny. The United States will seek to strengthen its relations and enhance cooperation with its traditional allies. In doing so, it should work to restore the confidence of those allies that the United States will work with them to strengthen the international legal system and international institutions and resume its historical role of leadership in this task. Announcing its intention to close the Guantanamo detention camp is a significant step in the right direction, but only a first step.
- Topic:
- Security, International Law, Torture, Governance, Prisons/Penal Systems, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States
958. Revitalizing Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID
- Author:
- Thomas Carothers
- Publication Date:
- 10-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- President Obama and his foreign policy team are only just starting to confront the challenge of reformulating U.S. democracy promotion policy. Crucial to any such effort will be revitalizing democracy assistance, a domain that has expanded greatly over the past 25 years but risks not adapting adequately to meet the challenges of the new landscape of democratic stagnation in the world. As the largest source of U.S. democracy assistance, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is a natural starting point for such a process of revitalization.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Democratization, International Cooperation, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States
959. China and the Global Environment: Learning from the Past, Anticipating the Future
- Author:
- Katherine Morton
- Publication Date:
- 11-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Lowy Institute for International Policy
- Abstract:
- One of the greatest dilemmas of the early 21st century is how to satisfy the demands of densely populated states in the context of a global environmental crisis. As the world's biggest polluter and prominent emerging world power, China is at the centre of the global debate. Worsening pollution trends, increasing resource scarcity, and widespread ecological degradation have serious implications for China's ongoing modernisation drive. The spillover effects across borders also pose a challenge to its relations with the outside world. Although China's per capita CO2 emissions are low relative to the United States and Australia, they already exceed the world average. In 2007, China overtook the United States to become the world's largest aggregate emitter.
- Topic:
- Environment, Government, International Trade and Finance, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia, and Australia
960. New Transatlantic Compact for NATO
- Author:
- Kurt Volker
- Publication Date:
- 12-2009
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, NATO stands at a crossroads. Will it reinvent itself yet again, to serve as the foundation for the security and defense of Europe and North America in a world of diverse, non-conventional threats, many of which come from outside of Europe? Will it return to a passive, geographically defined approach of protecting the territory of European Allies against armed attack? Will it merge these visions into a new hybrid? Will it retain the political will and resource commitments of its members, whether in Europe or North America?
- Topic:
- NATO, International Cooperation, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Europe and North America