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22. Two Concepts of Pluralism: A Comparative Study of Mahatma Gandhi and Isaiah Berlin
- Author:
- Ramin Jahanbegloo
- Publication Date:
- 12-2014
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- India International Centre (IIC)
- Abstract:
- When the definitive history of democratic thought in the 20th century is written, both Mohandas K. Gandhi and Isaiah Berlin will take their places as the two most distinguished theorists of the pluralist tradition. As history goes, Gandhi and Sir Isaiah never met and the latter never wrote any piece on the former. However, Isaiah Berlin visited India in 1961 and met with Jawaharlal Nehru, but he never considered seriously the views of Gandhi as an anticolonial leader. In his talk delivered in New Delhi on 13 November 1961 on ‘Rabindranath Tagore and the Consciousness of Nationality’, Berlin presents himself as a person who is ‘shamefully ignorant of Indian civilization, even of what is most valuable and most important in it’ (Berlin, 1996: 249).
- Topic:
- Multiculturalism, Ethics, Philosophy, Pluralism, and Morality
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
23. Ethnic Politics: An Issue to National Integration (The Case of Pakistan)
- Author:
- Rehana Saeed Hashmi
- Publication Date:
- 07-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- National integration has remained an evolving pursue in all the post-colonial divided societies. Although various approaches and strategies of national integration have been opted , but the situation remained complex. The state of Pakistan is also facing problems in the creation of national integration. These problems are due to conflicting socio-political fibre of Pakistani Society which was not handled properly. The diverse fibre of Pakistani Society was based on its ethnic composition. The state adopted an authoritarian policy to expand and consolidate its power and position. While responding authoritarian policy, ethnic groups provoked ethnic politics and started movements for the preservation of their identity. With due course of time, these ethnic movements become a challenge to the national integration. The study has its focus on various approaches to national integration. The research has also highlighted that although federalism is the best suited system for plural societies but effective working of federal institutions is required. For the creation of national integration, assimilationist strategy should be avoided and a pluralistic approach must be incorporated. Central government’s role as facilitator can diffuse the tension and brighten the process of national integration.
- Topic:
- Politics, Authoritarianism, Ethnicity, Assimilation, Federalism, Integration, Pluralism, Identity, and Society
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
24. Documenting Legal Dissonance: Legal Pluralism in Papua New Guinea
- Author:
- Shaun Larcom and Timothy Swanson
- Publication Date:
- 01-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute (IHEID)
- Abstract:
- We examine the case of payback killings and similar retributive sanctions in the context of a transplant regime such as that existing in Papua New Guinea. This is a post-colonial regime with multiple overlaid legal systems, with significant negative interaction existing between the different regimes. We explain how multiple regimes can co-exist in the context of negative externalities. To explain such an outcome, we provide a simple model for considering the interaction between legal regimes within a single jurisdiction. We demonstrate that, even when the fundamental relationship between such regimes is to behave as substitutes for one another, the existence of negative externalities between the enforcement technologies can result in the withdrawal of enforcement efforts. We term this phenomenon legal dissonance – the situation in which legal regimes interact negatively in their production technologies. This model is then applied to the post-colonial state of Papua New Guinea where we use survey data to identify significant negative production externalities in the enforcement of informal law. We suggest that disorder may be the outcome of too much law.
- Topic:
- Law Enforcement, Law, Norms, and Pluralism
- Political Geography:
- Papua New Guinea
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