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562. A Labor Mobility Agenda for Development
- Author:
- Michael Clemens
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development (CGD)
- Abstract:
- Rich countries have made efforts for half a century to help people in poor countries catch up to rich-country standards of living. Those efforts have included giving foreign aid, encouraging overseas investment, dismantling trade barriers, and spreading ideas and institutions. That is, their international development policy has been to encourage the globalization of almost all factors of production—except labor. So far, this policy has failed to cause the living standards of most people in most developing countries to converge with living standards in rich countries. But the globalization of labor—greater mobility for workers across borders—quickly and massively raises migrants' living standards toward those of rich countries. This paper argues that every rich country should consider its immigration policy to be part of its international development policy, and vice versa. A development policy that includes migration will be more effective; an immigration policy that includes development will better serve rich countries' ideals and interests. The paper also gives a non-technical review of new research on several common objections to unifying development policy and migration policy. One concrete way forward is for rich countries to greatly open up legal pathways for temporary labor movement.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Foreign Aid, and Labor Issues
563. Civilizing the World Order? The Scope and Potential of Transnational Norm-building Networks
- Author:
- Robert Kappel, Ulrich Mückenberger, and Cord Jakobeit
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- German Institute of Global and Area Studies
- Abstract:
- Civil society organizations, epistemic communities, and lobby groups—what we call transnational norm-building networks—are influencing the global economy and global politics more than ever before. We argue that such transnational norm-building networks, in contrast to the dominating executive intergovernmental elites and democratically deficient supranational bodies, hold the scope and potential for a more civilized world order. They are—together with states and international governmental organizations—creating new norms; they are setting standards. They associate the voice of stakeholders with decision-making processes, thus leading to an increase in legitimate world governance.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Economics, Globalization, and International Organization
- Political Geography:
- Europe
564. The Taxation of Multinational Enterprises in the European Union
- Author:
- Stefano Micossi and Paola Parascandolo
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
- Abstract:
- As a rule, multinational enterprises (MNEs) are taxed separately by the countries in which they operate on the basis of the income produced in each jurisdiction ('source' taxation). To this end, they must keep separate accounts for business units in each country (“separate accounting”, SA) ascribing each item of expenditure and income to each business unit on the basis – by universally accepted convention – of 'arm's-length' pricing (ALP), that is, of comparable or estimated prices for similar market transactions between unrelated companies.
- Topic:
- Economics, Globalization, International Trade and Finance, Monetary Policy, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe
565. Capital flows, the carry trade and 'sand in the wheels'
- Author:
- Stephen Grenville
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Lowy Institute for International Policy
- Abstract:
- The 'carry trade', in which capital shifts from countries with low interest rates to countries with significantly higher rates, has become an important element of international capital flows over the past decade. With low interest rates in the United States, Japan, the UK and much of the rest of Europe expected to persist for some time, these flows seem likely to become larger in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. Particularly for the emerging countries with shallow financial markets, interest-sensitive inflows have the potential to be disruptive. Exchange rates will tend to be overvalued for sustained periods, punctuated by sharp depreciations. These distorted and varying price signals will be unhelpful for good policy-making and steady economic growth.
- Topic:
- Emerging Markets, Globalization, International Trade and Finance, Foreign Direct Investment, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- United States, Japan, United Kingdom, and Europe
566. The Impacts of the Global Economic Crisis on Migration Patterns in Viet Nam
- Publication Date:
- 03-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Over the past decade, Viet Nam has made significant progress in terms of its development and poverty reduction. However, the current global economic crisis is negatively affecting the Vietnamese economy and potentially threatens to undermine Viet Nam's impressive poverty reduction record. To assess and monitor the ongoing impacts of the crisis on poor people, over the course of 2009, Oxfam and ActionAid Vietnam, in close collaboration with the Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS), and with significant support from AusAID, have undertaken a series of rapid assessments of the effects of the economic crisis on migrant workers and their families in both formal and informal sectors. Findings have been used to inform government agencies and representative bodies at different levels.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Migration, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Vietnam and Southeast Asia
567. Decarbonization Strategies: How Much, How, Where and Who Pays for Δ ≤ 2 ̊ C?
- Author:
- Urjit R. Patel
- Publication Date:
- 03-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- At a panel discussion at the London School of Economics (LSE) in early October, I said in my concluding remarks that while I was not optimistic about the likelihood of a robust global climate deal at Copenhagen, “there seemed to be a strong consensus in world capitals for a weak agreement.” Well, I was more or less right. We ended up with something rather ineffectual: a less than unanimous declaratory announcement (of feeble aims), although they call it an accord; and, in any case, it is neither a treaty nor even a binding commitment underpinned in law. In fact, domestic politics and the recession have probably put paid to hopes for a precise emissions quota-focused treaty in the near term. At any rate, a legally binding multilateral document is hardly sufficient: emission outcomes even under the formally binding Kyoto Protocol with a built-in enforcement mechanism are widely perceived to have been inadequate.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Environment, Globalization, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- London
568. Israel's leading multinationals continue to expand domestically and abroad despite the crisis
- Publication Date:
- 03-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
- Abstract:
- The third annual survey of Israeli multinational enterprises (MNEs) is being released today. It was conducted by a joint team composed of the Manufacturers Association of Israel, Tel Aviv University, Hebrew University, and the Vale-Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of the Columbia Law School and The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York. The survey is part of a long-term, multi-country study of the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging markets. The results released today cover the year 2008.
- Topic:
- Globalization, International Trade and Finance, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Colombia
569. The Multiplicity of Climate and Rural Risk
- Author:
- Ian Christoplos
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
- Abstract:
- This paper looks at rural risk in relation to climate change, globalisation and other factors, with a focus on how these risks are perceived and managed with-in different policy frames and among local institutions involved with agriculture and rural development. The changing and multidimensional landscape of risk is analysed in terms of how it impacts on natural resource management governance, strategies and decision-making. Pro-poor growth and community-based risk reduction policies are contrasted so as to highlight their implications for local actors struggling to deal with climate variability and market volatility. Food security is presented as an example of an area where policy coherence in responding to these multiple challenges is lacking, but where rural people and institutions are adapting in their own ways. The study suggests a number of entry points for further research that could be used to better align climate change efforts with the perceptions and priorities of rural populations at risk.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Development, Globalization, Poverty, and Third World
570. A Guidebook on Bilateral Agreements to Address Health Worker Migration
- Author:
- Robert Kapp, Iradat Dhillon, and Margaret Clark
- Publication Date:
- 04-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Aspen Institute
- Abstract:
- There is limited international structure to manage the ever important phenomenon of human migration and its associated challenges. This is particularly true with respect to the international migration of health workers, where bilateral agreements between sending and receiving nations have been repeatedly and urgently called for in the context of a global health workforce crisis. There remains, however, significant lack of clarity on the precise role, form, and content bilateral agreements should take to serve a health-related purpose. This Guidebook, including presentation of two model bilateral agreements, aims to provide guidance to further international cooperation around the critical and highly sensitive area of health worker migration.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Health, Migration, and World Health Organization