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3001. Informe Económico Fiscal 2008

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
02-2009
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El informe económico fiscal es un material que presenta y analiza la coyuntura de las variables económicas y fiscales más importantes del país. Se da continuidad a la primera edición del material que analizaba dichas variables entre los años 2002 al 2007. Es interesante recordar que el material está dirigido a los ciudadanos y a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para facilitar una comprensión de la situación económica, así como la evolución de los gastos del gobierno. El sector público desarrolla una gran parte de la actividad económica y, a través del gasto y la movilización de recursos, influye en las decisiones de asignación de recursos que realiza el sector privado. La evidencia demuestra que en muchos casos, la ineficiencia de la gestión fiscal ha sido una de las principales causas de problemas tales como: una alta tasa de inflación, un elevado déficit en cuenta corriente y un estancamiento del producto. Es por ello, que el análisis de la política fiscal es fundamental para identificar al déficit como una de las causas de los problemas macroeconómicos. En este contexto, sin profundizar en aspectos de economía normativa, este informe presenta los resultados de la evolución de las finanzas públicas del país, centrando la atención en los datos del año 2008. Tras un breve análisis del entorno macroeconómico, se analizan los aspectos relacionados a la evolución de los ingresos y egresos de la Administración Central con su consiguiente efecto sobre el déficit o superávit fiscal. Luego, se presta atención a la ejecución de los gastos de la Administración Central, teniendo en cuenta las distintas entidades y estamentos que la componen, dando un énfasis especial al gasto o inversión social. Finalmente, se estudian las transferencias de royalties a los gobiernos regionales por parte de la Administración Central. Es necesario mencionar, finalmente, que este material se publica en el ámbito del Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP) iniciativa que busca facilitar a la ciudadanía una mejor interpretación sobre las finanzas públicas en Paraguay. Cabe destacar además, que la iniciativa no hubiese sido posible sin la valiosa contribución de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID).
Topic:
Development, Finance, Economy, Transparency, and Efficiency
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

3002. Why Is the East Asia Industrial Corridor Needed?

Author:
Fukunari Kimura and Izuru Kobayashi
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Abstract:
The East Asia Industrial Corridor Project, in particular the Southern Corridor and its extension, can be a path-breaking effort for attaining both deepening economic integration and narrowing development gaps. New economic thoughts claim the necessity of comprehensive approach in which various policy modes and a number of stake holders are effectively coordinated.
Topic:
Development, International Cooperation, International Trade and Finance, and Economic Integration
Political Geography:
East Asia and Asia

3003. A lot of Reasons Why We Should Invest More in East Asia

Author:
Fukunari Kimura and Soji Samikawa
Publication Date:
04-2009
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Abstract:
Although the impact of financial crisis originated from North America and Europe has come to East Asia through both the financial link and the real economy link, the East Asian countries have so far largely responded to it calmly and cautiously. There are now a lot of reasons why we should invest more in East Asia not only for providing short-run stimulus but also for strengthening long-run growth basis. The introduction of market forces in infrastructure development in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) is delayed in East Asia and is thus to be promoted. However, the importance of public initiatives including official development assistance (ODA) and other official flows (OOF) must also be emphasized in recession.
Topic:
Development, International Cooperation, Finance, Investment, and Economic Cooperation
Political Geography:
East Asia and Asia

3004. Afghanistan: Development and Humanitarian Priorities

Publication Date:
01-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
This paper outlines urgent action necessary to address immediate challenges in Afghanistan and to avert humanitarian disaster. It does not seek to address all issues of concern but focuses on essential policy change in development and humanitarian spheres. While aid has contributed to progress in Afghanistan, especially in social and economic infrastructure – and whilst more aid is needed – the development process has to date been too centralised, top-heavy and insufficient. It is has been prescriptive and supply-driven, rather than indigenous and responding to Afghan needs. As a result millions of Afghans, particularly in rural areas, still face severe hardship comparable with sub-Saharan Africa. Conditions of persistent poverty have been a significant factor in the spread of insecurity.
Topic:
Development
Political Geography:
Afghanistan, Africa, and Asia

3005. After the cyclone: lessons from a disaster

Publication Date:
02-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
Late in the evening of 15 November 2007, Cyclone Sidr struck Mahmouda's home and thousands of other villages across Bangladesh's southern coastal areas, leaving around 4000 people dead and millions homeless. The initial response to the disaster was prompt and vigorous, but three months after the disaster the affected communities' needs – particularly in terms of housing and livelihoods – remain staggering.
Topic:
Development and Humanitarian Aid
Political Geography:
Bangladesh

3006. Community Peacebuilding in Afghanistan: The Case for a National Strategy

Author:
Matt Waldman
Publication Date:
02-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
Existing measures to promote peace in Afghanistan are not succeeding. This is not only due to the revival of the Taliban, but also because little has been done to try to ensure that families, communities, and tribes - the fundamental units of Afghan society - get on better with each other. War has fractured the social fabric of the country and, in the context of severe and persistent poverty, local disputes have the potential to turn violent and to exacerbate the wider conflict. But there is no effective strategy to help Afghans deal with disputes in a peaceful and constructive way.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Development, International Cooperation, Non-Governmental Organization, and War
Political Geography:
Afghanistan, Asia, and Taliban

3007. Fast Forward: How the European Commission can take the lead in providing high-quality budget support for education and health

Publication Date:
05-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
Developing-country governments desperately need more long-term and predictable aid, given through their budgets, to finance the expansion of health care, education, and other vital social services. The European Commission (EC) is one of the biggest donors providing this kind of essential budget support, and has innovative plans to further improve and increase this aid. European Union (EU) member states must support these ambitious plans. The EC in turn must do more to improve on this good start, delinking this aid from harmful International Monetary Fund (IMF) prescriptions, putting an end to unnecessary bureaucratic delays, and doing more to make its aid accountable to citizens in poor countries.
Topic:
Development, Education, and Health
Political Geography:
Europe

3008. Briefings for business: Business and the Millennium Development Goals

Publication Date:
08-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
“The challenge facing the international community in getting countries on track to achieve the MDGs is considerable, even more so in the face of the global challenges of inequality, climate change and impending insecurity. Global companies have a role to play: their first and most important contribution must be to minimise the negative and maximise the positive impacts of their core business operations on human development.”
Topic:
Development, International Cooperation, International Organization, Non-Governmental Organization, and United Nations

3009. The Time is Now: How world leaders should respond to the food price crisis

Publication Date:
06-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
Global food prices are up 83 per cent compared with three years ago. The resulting food price crisis constitutes an unprecedented threat to the livelihoods and well-being of millions of rural and urban households who are net food buyers. Around the world, Oxfam International and many of its partners have seen soaring prices force people to eat less food or less nutritious food and drive poor households to cut back on health care, education, and other necessities. Women and children's nutritional levels are particularly vulnerable, as women often put men's consumption before their own.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, Economics, Humanitarian Aid, and International Trade and Finance

3010. Kosovo's Fragile Transition - Europe Report N°196

Publication Date:
09-2008
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
Kosovo has taken first state-building steps, but the international community has not met its commitments to provide adequate support. A rule-of-law mission (EULEX), the EU's biggest ever European security and defence policy (ESDP) operation, was agreed in February 2008 but has only started to deploy. The International Civilian Office (ICO), projected to supervise independence, is a shell. The UN still functions in part as an interim administration, negotiating arrangements for Kosovo Serbs with Belgrade. The Ahtisaari plan, on the basis of which 47 states have recognised Kosovo, has been undermined by the international organisations meant to help implement it. The EU and U.S. are struggling to come to terms with Russia's attempts to portray its support for breakaway regions in Georgia as a mirror image of what they did in Kosovo. Most urgent now is for the EU to make EULEX fully operational before year's end and use its leverage with a Belgrade government that wants membership to begin to make pragmatic accommodations to Kosovo's new status.
Topic:
Development, Sovereignty, and United Nations
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, Europe, Kosovo, Balkans, and Georgia