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1201. The European Union’s Cyber Industrial Policy

Author:
Paul Timmers
Publication Date:
09-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Berkeley APEC Study Center
Abstract:
Since 2013, EU cybersecurity policy has quickly developed, with many implications of an industrial policy nature, even if there is no fully articulated EU cybersecurity industrial policy. In parallel, the private sector has organized itself to better respond to cybersecurity challenges, influence policy making, and benefit from the rapidly growing cybersecurity market. EU policymakers, within a mandate constrained by national security which is the remit of its Member States, have sought to make the EU Single Market, internal security, and external relations coherently address the rapidly evolving and uncertain world of cybersecurity. To do this, they use policy tools ranging from defining common political visions to written law. The EU model for political and practical cooperation of a large number of countries on shared public, economic, and security objective, serves as an example of wider international cooperation, providing insight on positioning cybersecurity industrial policy in a wider policy context, defining governance for related policy development, and suggesting an international agenda
Topic:
Science and Technology, European Union, Cybersecurity, Private Sector, and Industry
Political Geography:
Europe

1202. Government as Facilitator: How Japan is Building its Cybersecurity Market

Author:
Benjamin Bartlett
Publication Date:
09-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Berkeley APEC Study Center
Abstract:
This paper explores Japan’s industrial policy toward cyber security. I begin by describing the perceived market failures with regard to cyber security, and the Japanese government’s rationales for intervention. Next, I briefly describe the institutions involved in Japan’s cyber security policy-making. I follow by discussing three models of Japanese intervention: government as provider, government as facilitator, and government as promoter. Then, I examine the factors that have led to this particular constellation of measures. Finally, I look at the effectiveness of these measures as well as make some concluding remarks about likely future trends.
Topic:
Government, Science and Technology, Cybersecurity, and Public Policy
Political Geography:
Japan and Asia

1203. A Centralized Cybersecurity Strategy for Taiwan

Author:
Hsini Huang and Tien-Shen Li
Publication Date:
09-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Berkeley APEC Study Center
Abstract:
Viewing cyber security as a matter of national security, the Taiwanese government established the National Information and Communication Security Taskforce (the Taskforce) in 2001 to actively implement ICT security infrastructure policies and strengthen national capacity against threats to the country’s increasing cyber security issues. A series of national strategy programs and action plans followed the founding of the Taskforce and were carried out over the last fifteen years. Authorities in Taiwan are deliberating over the draft of “Information and Communication Management Act (ICM Act)” in response to the increasing awareness of potential malicious cyberattacks targeting the public and private sector. Under this Act, both government and nongovernment bodies will have to comply with the new legislation with the hope that the coded regulations and new management scheme will have a positive impact on enhancing national security and increasing the domestic market. This article aims to provide a thorough review of the proposed national information security policies in Taiwan between 2001 and 2017, as well as deliver a case for the comparative study of industrial policies employed to bolster domestic cyber security markets.1 By summarizing the government’s industrial policy in developing a cyber security market and identifying key stakeholders involved in the policy-making process, we describe the major rationale and drivers behind the government’s plan of action and aim to push for a more comprehensive understanding of the proposed policy tools used by the authorities to boost the development of the cyber security industry in Taiwan.
Topic:
National Security, Science and Technology, and Cybersecurity
Political Geography:
Taiwan and Asia

1204. UK Cyber Security Policy: The Socio-Technical Factors

Author:
Madeline Carr and Leonie Tanczer
Publication Date:
09-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Berkeley APEC Study Center
Abstract:
The UK has the largest internet economy in the G20 and has the stated ambition of making the UK the ‘safest place in the world to live and work online’. Cyber security has been elevated to a ‘tier one’ threat and is regarded by the government as both a challenge and as an opportunity for exporting UK expertise. Since the publication of the UK’s National Cyber Security Strategy (NCSS) in November 2011, the government has implemented many proactive as well as reactive measures to enhance both its cyber security capabilities as well as its market power. This article provides an analysis of the shift away from a reliance on market forces that dominated Western approaches to cyber security over the early years of this century. Specifically, it highlights three ‘market failures’ that have prompted UK policy responses: ongoing data breaches, the skills gap and inadequate private investment in cyber security. An analysis of these drivers as well as the responses demonstrates that the UK’s cyber security strategy has evolved from an initial heavy reliance on market forces and the public-private partnership to mitigate against threats into what is now a confident, rounded approach to balancing threats and opportunities.
Topic:
Government, Science and Technology, and Cybersecurity
Political Geography:
United Kingdom and Europe

1205. What is new in the Iran Nuclear Archive?

Author:
David Albright
Publication Date:
06-2018
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Institute for Science and International Security
Abstract:
The Nuclear Archive seized by Israel in Iran contains much new information not previously available to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or Western governments about Iran’s past work on nuclear weapons under the so-called AMAD project. I have reviewed much of the information gathered by the IAEA about Iran’s past nuclear weapons programs and it is compelling, but this information has many gaps and is unable to allow for conclusions about the current program and its intentions. The archive fills in many of these holes, and overall, according to the Israelis, it presents a relatively complete and alarming picture of Iran’s nuclear weapons efforts, and in far more detailed than previously available.
Topic:
Energy Policy, Nuclear Weapons, and Science and Technology
Political Geography:
Iran and Middle East

1206. Hamas’ Cyber Activity against Israel

Author:
Omer Dostri
Publication Date:
10-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
Abstract:
Although Hamas’ cyber capabilities do not now constitute a serious threat to Israel, this reality can quickly change in view of the rapid pace of technological progress.
Topic:
Science and Technology, Terrorism, Cybersecurity, Conflict, and Hamas
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, and Palestine

1207. A draw with Hamas is strategically unsatisfactory

Author:
David M. Weinberg
Publication Date:
10-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
Abstract:
Reducing enemy capabilities and ambitions in Gaza requires Israeli military readiness and government willingness to use force intermittently, while maintaining a healthy and resilient Israeli home front.
Topic:
Science and Technology, Terrorism, Military Strategy, Conflict, and Hamas
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

1208. #mission2030: Austria’s Strategy for a Low-Carbon Transformation

Author:
Łukasz Ogrodnik and Marek Wasinski
Publication Date:
09-2018
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Polish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:
The Austrian government is implementing its energy and climate strategy to 2030, the aim of which is to stimulate the economy and achieve energy independence through the use of clean technologies. The strategy signals potential points of contention with Poland, including in nuclear and coal energy. At the same time, it indicates potential fields of cooperation regarding low-emission transport.
Topic:
Climate Change, Energy Policy, Science and Technology, Renewable Energy, and Carbon Emissions
Political Geography:
Europe, Poland, and Austria

1209. Lithuania’s Energy Policy

Author:
Kinga Raś
Publication Date:
12-2018
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Polish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:
Lithuania wants to become independent from Russia and increase the self-sufficiency and the competitiveness of its energy sector. The basis for its transformation and modernisation will be, inter alia, renewable energy sources, of which the role in the energy balance is increasing in line with EU requirements. At the same time, Lithuania intends to introduce innovations that will increase energy efficiency. These activities may stimulate stronger cooperation with Poland, which Lithuania perceives as one of its most important partners.
Topic:
Energy Policy, Science and Technology, European Union, Trade, and Modernization
Political Geography:
Russia, Poland, and Lithuania

1210. The Strategic Importance of Antartica for China and India Under Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism

Author:
Monica Heinzaelmann and Leonardo Faria de Mattos
Publication Date:
06-2018
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy International Relations
Institution:
Postgraduate Program in International Strategic Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Abstract:
The Antarctic Treaty was signed during the Cold War and intended to preserve the continent and transform it into a conflict free territory, prioritizing scientific cooperation. Despite having quadrupled the number of its signatories, the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) faces nowadays the uncertainties of the new international order. Starting out from John Mearsheimer’s realistic perspective, this paper aims to analyze, the strategic importance of Antarctica and the interests that China and India have on the continent, as well as speculate on how their rise on the international scenario can impact the future of the Antarctic Treaty System.
Topic:
International Cooperation, International Trade and Finance, Science and Technology, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:
China, India, Asia, and Antartica