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81. “Equality on paper”: refugee and migrant integration in Greece

Author:
Maria Eleni Pantazi Psatha
Publication Date:
12-2024
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
Abstract:
Greece’s integration efforts have been classified as “equality on paper”, highlighting significant gaps in the process of integration of refugees and migrants. Although the actions of the last five years have been crucial regarding labour market inclusion and access to education, persistent gaps, and fragmented implementation hinder the effectiveness of these initiatives. Focusing on the aforementioned vital pillars of integration- i.e., education and access to labour market- this paper will examine the state of the art, highlighting existing gaps and deficiencies, as well as good practices. Concretely, the objective of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it assesses the current developments and practices, as well as the remaining obstacles; while on the other hand, it draws policy recommendations that will enable Greece to transform its integration policies from “equality on paper” to a more cohesive and effective approach.
Topic:
Migration, Refugees, Integration, and Equality
Political Geography:
Europe and Greece

82. European Migration Policy: Recent Developments and the Way Forward

Author:
Evgenia Vella
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
Abstract:
In light of the challenges posed by demographic shifts, skill shortages and rapid technological advances, European policymakers should prioritize targeted immigration policies. High-skilled immigrants contribute directly to innovation and economic growth, while low-skilled immigrants play essential roles in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and services. Striking the right balance is essential for sustainable development. The EU’s recent policy changes, as outlined in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, signal a shift toward a more comprehensive and coordinated approach. However, implementation challenges remain. Greece can draw lessons from the experiences of other EU member states. Tailoring policies to address regional disparities, fostering integration, and leveraging immigrant skills are critical steps for Greece’s migration strategy.
Topic:
Demographics, Development, Migration, Labor Issues, and European Union
Political Geography:
Europe

83. The Italy-Albania Agreement on Migration: From the Fiction of Non-Entry to Functional Entry

Author:
Carlotta Giordani
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
Abstract:
The Italy-Albania protocol on migration should be seen as a policy that seeks to fill the gaps between the current EU migration management efforts and existing solidarity mechanisms. The policy brief examines the protocol between Italy and Albania. It briefly touches on the enlargement process and the relationship between Italy and Albania as the foundation for the development of the agreement between the two countries. It then moves on to discuss the content of the protocol, and offers a critical examination of its significance, namely the rescaling of sovereignty through ‘functional territoriality’ to overcome structural gaps in existing mechanisms. The Italy-Albania Protocol ratified by Law No. 14/24 allows Italy to examine applications for international protection on Albanian territory, but under Italian jurisdiction The agreement applies only to migrants intercepted by Italian vessels in the Mediterranean, not those who arrived on Italian soil first The Protocol can be considered an entry point to new approaches to territoriality. It will contribute to consolidate the legal fiction of non-entry and will contribute to the introduction of new mechanisms based on a functional extraterritoriality. The Protocol establishes a “functional territoriality”, since Italian law is being applied in an extraterritorial space It legally requalifies the notion of territory based on a fictio iuris aimed at equating areas belonging to the Albanian state to Italian border areas. The Protocol configures Albania as a mere supporting State, functional in the sense that it provides the space in which asylum seekers’ applications will be examined by the Italian authorities.
Topic:
Migration, Treaties and Agreements, European Union, and Regional Integration
Political Geography:
Europe, Albania, and Italy

84. Legal labor migration: a snapshot of practices

Author:
Evangelia Georgiou
Publication Date:
04-2024
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
Abstract:
Europe is facing a sharp decline in its working-age population, in combination with the significant and persistent skill and labour shortages that range from low-skilled professions, such as construction, to mid-range, such as care, and finally to high skilled professions such as Information Technology. These shortages, combined with Europe’s ever-growing economic needs, lead to an increased demand for labour migration. The COVID-19 pandemic, combined with the increased automation adoption, also triggered a shift in the labour market within the EU, influencing the job vulnerability of low and middle-skilled workers. As such, EU nationals have also exhibited a stronger focus on high-skilled professions and the pursuit of higher education, widening the pre-existing divide even further. Due to the limited and fragmented legal acquis of the European Union on migration, the admission of low and medium-skilled professionals in EU member states has taken a secondary position, until recently. The current brief offers a snapshot of recent reforms and practices in select countries in the EU with an emphasis on programs seeking to establish labour pathways. We look at Germany, Italy and Spain, for two reasons: one is that they have undertook recent reforms to address significant labour shortages; secondly all three have embedded migration in their foreign policy to attract foreign labour.
Topic:
Migration, Labor Issues, COVID-19, Migrant Workers, and Information Technology
Political Geography:
Europe

85. American Ambassadors Review: Spring 2024 (Full Issue)

Author:
Peter Pham, Michael Battle, Morse Tan, Michael DeSombre, and Richard Holwill
Publication Date:
07-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Ambassadors Review
Institution:
The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:
Understanding China’s Middle East Marathon (Ambassador Peter Pham); BRICS and the Contest for Shaping Global Public Opinion (Ambassador Michael Battle); A Journey for Justice (Ambassador Morse Tan); Balkans Mission Report; Managing Relationships and Perceptions of Leverage (Ambassador Michael DeSombre); Climate and the Migration Crisis (Ambassador Richard Holwill)
Topic:
Climate Change, Diplomacy, Migration, Public Opinion, and BRICS
Political Geography:
China, Middle East, Asia, and Balkans

86. Life Beyond the Darién for Children on the Move

Author:
Timothy O'Farrell
Publication Date:
11-2024
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
Abstract:
Children now represent 1 in 5 people traversing the Darién Gap. The repercussions of crossing the jungle on children’s mental health have become a major challenge for humanitarian organizations.
Topic:
Migration, Children, Mental Health, and Humanitarian Organizations
Political Geography:
South America, Central America, and Darién Gap

87. Anti-Haitianism: A Hemispheric Rejection of Revolutionary Blackness

Author:
Bertin M. Jr. Louis
Publication Date:
10-2024
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
Abstract:
From the United States to the Dominican Republic to the Bahamas, the collective scapegoating and mass deportation of Haitians for political gain lays bare a particular kind of anti-Blackness.
Topic:
Migration, Xenophobia, Racism, and Anti-Blackness
Political Geography:
Latin America, Caribbean, Haiti, Dominican Republic, United States of America, and Bahamas

88. A theory of discriminatory institutions, with applications to apartheid and to the political economy of migration

Author:
James P. Choy
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Nottingham Interdisciplinary Centre for Economic and Political Research (NICEP)
Abstract:
Institutions in some societies force employers to discriminate. I develop a theory of institutionalized discrimination. Optimal discrimination sorts workers from different social groups into complementary tasks. Workers in the politically dominant social group benefit from complementary labor supplied by oppressed group workers, but are harmed by competition from oppressed group workers for access to non-labor factors of production. The tradeoff between these two forces determines whether ethnic cleansing, institutionalized discrimination, or free labor markets are optimal for workers in the dominant group. I apply the model to apartheid South Africa and to the regulation of migrant labor in contemporary economies.
Topic:
Apartheid, Migration, Political Economy, Discrimination, and Institutions
Political Geography:
Africa and South Africa

89. Falsedades y mitos en los estudios sobre migraciones: consecuencias para las Relaciones Internacionales

Author:
José Miguel Bravo and Pablo Rey-García
Publication Date:
05-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Revista UNISCI/UNISCI Journal
Institution:
Unidad de investigación sobre seguridad y cooperación (UNISCI)
Abstract:
La reproducción de nociones falsas y mitos en los estudios sobre migración disminuye la credibilidad en su conexión con las Relaciones Internacionales y la Seguridad. Para evitar eso, proponemos la utilización del escepticismo creativo como herramienta académica. De esta manera, valoramos el área de estudios sobre migración analizando su desarrollo institucional y la calidad de sus resultados de investigación. Como segundo paso, describimos los seis mitos más persistentes en los estudios sobre migración en las siguientes áreas: en el del Derecho; en el de las Políticas Públicas; en el de la Demografía; en el de la Economía; en el de la Cooperación y el desarrollo y, en el de la Cultura, por la importancia que para estas investigaciones tienen las distintas etnias y religiones. Concluye el artículo con ejemplos de las implicaciones que el uso de mitos tiene para las relaciones internacionales entre Estados miembros de la Unión Europea.
Topic:
International Relations, Migration, Immigration, Myths, and Pseudoscience
Political Geography:
Global Focus

90. Socio-economic consequences for Central Europe related to the mass migration of Ukrainian citizens after Russia’s full-scale invasion

Author:
Łukasz Jureńczyk and Svitlana Soroka
Publication Date:
10-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Revista UNISCI/UNISCI Journal
Institution:
Unidad de investigación sobre seguridad y cooperación (UNISCI)
Abstract:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused displacement on a scale not seen since the Second World War. More than 6.5 million refugees from Ukraine have been registered worldwide (as of 16 May 2024), and more than 4.2 million Ukrainians have received temporary protection in the EU. Most of them found shelter in Poland and Germany. These countries have received an influx of migrants that corresponds to the logic of their demographic development. Ukrainians are almost an ideal demographic resource for Central Europe. In August 2023, only one person in three wanted to return to Ukraine. If the Ukrainian refugees are properly adapted, they will provide additional development impulses to the countries where they reside.
Topic:
Migration, Refugees, Labor Market, and Russia-Ukraine War
Political Geography:
Russia, Ukraine, and Central Europe