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1. Disciplinary Boundaries and Methodological Issues of Teaching Geopolitics in Turkey

Author:
Cem Savaş
Publication Date:
01-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
This study aims to present a critical portrayal of teaching geopolitics at Turkish universities by assessing both undergraduate and graduate levels of Political Science and International Relations (IR) curricula. Geopolitical analysis has gone through several phases and traditions by conceiving space as a crucial element for representing world politics. In addition to interstate rivalries, geopolitics also refers to many conflicts and rivalries within an intrastate framework in the context of multiple territorial scales. While geopolitics seems to be falsely perceived as something equal to a state-centric and hard realist academic subfield under a strong military tutelage in Turkey, it lacks a broad multi-level analysis, as well as geographical and historical reasoning. In this study, I propose to consider cartography, territoriality, and geopolitical representations, which form the basis of contemporary geopolitical analysis. The article evaluates weekly schedules, learning outcomes, content, and objectives of the courses available on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) information packages on university websites. Based on a qualitative case study, it eventually aims to improve the methodological character of geopolitics teaching, indirectly influencing the level and quality of geopolitics in Turkey.
Topic:
International Relations, Geopolitics, Political Science, Teaching, Methodology, and Curriculum
Political Geography:
Turkey and Middle East

2. Türkiye’de Yapılan Nedensellik Araştırmaları Üzerine: Sahte Nedensellik Bulguları

Author:
Ahmet Aydın Arı, Kerim Eser Afşar, and Murat Şenol
Publication Date:
12-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Bilgi
Institution:
Sakarya University (SAU)
Abstract:
Amaç- Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ve dünya-da yapılan nedensellik çalışmalarının karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesiyle, ulusal ve uluslararası lite-ratür arasındaki farklılıkların tespit edilmesidir. Yöntem/Metodoloji/Dizayn- Yöntem olarak karşı-laştırmalı analiz ve bibliyometri kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemler, iki farklı literatürdeki nedensellik çalış-malarını değerlendirmek için seçilmiştir. Sonuçlar- Ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde özelikle sahte nedenselliğin ihmal edilmesi nedeniyle büyük bir uçurum ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de uluslara-rası literatürle bağları zayıf olan yerel bir nedensel-lik literatürünün oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Ulusal li-teratürde nedensellik kavramını kullanan yazarların genellikle sahte korelasyon gibi bir durumu neden-sellik olarak algılayarak değerlendirmesi ve analiz-lerini nedensellik olarak belirtmesi yapılan çalışma-ların katkı değerini azaltan bir durum ortaya çıkar-maktadır. Ulusal literatürde ortaya çıkan kapalı bi-limsel ağ yapısı, gelecekte gerçekleşecek diğer ça-lışmalar için patika bağımlılığı riski yaratmaktadır. Katkı/Farklılıklar- Politika tasarımlarında neden-sellik sonuçları, önemli bir teorik dayanak noktası-dır. Bu konunun ampirik iktisat literatüründe ihmal edilmesi hatalı politika çıkarımlarına neden olabilir.
Topic:
Economics, Causality, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Turkey and Middle East

3. Quo Vadis, Turkish IR? Mapping Turkish IR’s Footsteps within the Global

Author:
İrem Karamık and Erman Ermihan
Publication Date:
07-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
The International Relations (IR) discipline is ascendant because of the theoretical and methodological divisions and controversies within. As it is mostly placed in the Non-Western IR category, Turkish IR is an interesting case in that it reveals the temporal changes of theoretical debates in IR and their local resonance from the purview of a geography that is jammed between the West and the rest. For this reason, this paper examines the literature on the Turkish School of IR (if there is any) and draws some conclusions regarding its current state. This research first utilizes the Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) surveys conducted by the International Relations Council of Turkey (IRCT) between 2007 and 2018. More extensively, the top 20 journals categorized under Google Scholar’s “Diplomacy and International Relations” list are coded based on their titles containing “Turkey.” Articles from the 1922–2021 period are then analyzed considering their authors, abstracts, and keywords. From this analysis, the study finds that studies focusing on Turkey have improved over the years, although there is a need for more theoretical and methodological advancements. As a “peripheral” country in IR, Turkey is still a subject of study by the “center” countries.
Topic:
International Relations, Politics, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Turkey and Middle East

4. From Prescription to Treatment: The Disciplinary (under)Achievement of IR in Turkey

Author:
Ismail Erkam Sula, Buğra Sarı, and Çağla Lüleci-Sula
Publication Date:
07-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
International Relations (IR) in Turkey has been assessed by scholars on topics, including but not limited to the need to increase contributions from Turkish IR scholars to theoretical discussions, the need for homegrown theorizing, and to improve the methodological quality of IR research originating in Turkey. This literature has revolved around the diagnosis of and prescriptions for what is referred to as the ‘disciplinary underachievement’ of IR in Turkey. Recently, an increasing number of scholars have focused on disciplinary self-reflection discussing the limitations and prospects in the state of the IR discipline in Turkey. Adding to this emergent literature, this paper identifies the reasons for the ‘disciplinary underachievement’ in Turkish IR. The paper discusses the conditions that hamper IR education in Turkey under three groups: 1) the structure and content of undergraduate and graduate curricula, 2) the state of IR as an academic discipline in Turkey, and 3) the state of IR literature in Turkish. The paper also offers suggestions for a prospective treatment to improve the state of the IR discipline and pedagogy in Turkey. It argues that an improvement in the quality of IR education has significant potential to contribute to further inclusion of locally produced IR knowledge into ‘global IR,’ which is widely cited in the existing literature as a significant sign of ‘disciplinary progress.
Topic:
International Relations, Pedagogy, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Turkey and Middle East

5. Assessing Disproportionate Territorial Development: Insights from 10 Countries

Author:
Davit Hakhverdyan and Gagik Badadyan
Publication Date:
12-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs
Institution:
Institute for Research and European Studies (IRES)
Abstract:
Territorial development disparities are an undeniable reality for all the countries of the world, which implies that no country can practically avoid them. However, how different countries respond to these disparities is another matter. The effectiveness of policies in overcoming territorial development disparities depends significantly on how deeply these disparities are recognized and studied. In this context, assessing disparities in territorial development is necessary, and the article proposes a methodology for its implementation. The methodology examines territorial development indexes and their relative standard deviation. In the article, the developed methodology was also applied to 10 countries, as a result of which the levels of territorial development disparities in Canada, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland, Serbia, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and China were evaluated. Based on the assessments, general conclusions are also presented for each country in the article.
Topic:
Methodology, Territorial Development, Disparity, and Modeling
Political Geography:
China, Moldova, Canada, Finland, Kazakhstan, Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Georgia

6. Qualitative Synthesis Maps for Data-Driven Urban Governance A Methodological Evaluation

Author:
Murat Güvenç
Publication Date:
11-2022
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
Prof. Dr. Murat Güvenç explains the methodology of maps produced within the scope of projects carried out by TESEV since 2016, including The Empowering Civil Society and Municipalities for Data-Driven Participatory Gender Equality Policies.
Topic:
Governance, Sustainability, Digital Policy, Mapping, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Turkey and Middle East

7. ‘Global’ IR and Self-Reflections in Turkey: Methodology, Data Collection, and Data Repository

Author:
Ismail Erkam Sula
Publication Date:
01-2022
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
This article covers the disciplinary debates on ‘global’ IR and the self-reflections of IR scholars about the state of the discipline in Turkey. It argues that high quality methodological training can contribute to overcoming the dissatisfaction felt by scholars of IR in Turkey. It suggests that inclusion of IR knowledge produced in the non-core into the ‘Global’ pool can be achieved through local ‘revolutions’, and that the potential for progress in this direction lies in methodological improvement and data-collection projects. The article offers three exemplary data projects to crystalize the argument: the Social Sciences Data Repository, the Global Security Database (GloSec) and the Global Risk Assessment Dataset (GRAD). These projects aim to: disseminate data-based research and encourage data sharing among scholars in Turkey, train prospective IR scholars to produce research based on clear, replicable, and rigorous methodology in Turkey, encourage graduate students in Turkish universities to have a global scholarly outreach and talk to the global scholarly community, and contribute to IR scholarship with these local pedagogical and academic experiences. Two separate groups of researchers composed of graduate students from various universities across Turkey are trained in the ways of research design, the fundamentals of data collection, and writing research papers based on rigorous methodological design, data, and replicable findings. Thus, the paper not only discusses the diagnoses in the literature regarding the shortcomings of the International Relations discipline in Turkey, but also offers concrete directions for a potential treatment.
Topic:
International Relations, Data, Data Collection, Methodology, and Global Studies
Political Geography:
Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean

8. Methodological Nationalism in International Relations: A Quantitative Assessment of Academia in Turkey (2015-2019)

Author:
Mustafa Onur Tetik
Publication Date:
01-2022
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
This article seeks to expand the discussion on Methodological Nationalism (MN)within the discipline of International Relations (IR), to contribute to MN literature from the perspective of IR studies and to evaluate the prevalence of MN in the field by the quantification of selected works. To achieve these goals, the article, firstly, recapitulates the general MN literature and critically evaluates this discussion in IR. Later, it identifies the forms of MN as they appear in IR with two faces: Level of analysis (nation-as-arena) and unit of analysis (nation-as-actor). Secondly, the article proposes a method to assess the prevalence of MN through quantification. Finally, the article applies its method to IR works to address the question of how widespread MN is in academia in Turkey. The findings demonstrate the proportional pervasiveness of MN within the IR community of Turkey, which is part of the “periphery” in the discipline. The findings also let us draw some hypothetical conclusions.
Topic:
International Relations, Nationalism, Quantitative, Academia, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Turkey and Global Focus

9. An Overview of Child Sexual Abuse Research Conducted in Low and Middle Income Countries Between 2011–2021

Author:
Nicole Gonzalez, Anik Gevers, and Elizabeth Dartnall
Publication Date:
05-2022
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI)
Abstract:
To strengthen our understanding of what kinds of child sexual abuse research is coming from low and middle income countries we conducted a brief scoping review of studies published over the past 10 years. One hundred and ninety four studies were included in this review based on a search of the MEDLINE (PubMed) database. The majority of articles were epidemiological studies (n=146) and the remaining articles included intervention studies, methodology and ethics work, and theory and frameworks articles. Most publications were based on research conducted in the SubSaharan Africa region (n=98) and the fewest publications were from the East Asia and Pacific region. The review revealed that there is no cohesive body of evidence and that there seems little connection between, for example, epidemiological research and intervention research. Further, very little of the epidemiological research focused on identifying the risk and protective factors for child sexual abuse including the drivers of perpetration and more analysis of the norms, systems, and social structures that impact and influence child sexual abuse. The review found several methodological gaps in the evidence base as studies utilized different definitions of child sexual abuse, a variety of measurements for child sexual abuse, and at times grounding in ethics was not clear. Few studies were intersectional (n=25). More priority-driven child sexual abuse research is needed from low and middle income countries with clear links to policy and practice. A clear, shared research agenda is needed to guide the field toward building a cohesive evidence base as well as capacity strengthening to address methodological and ethics issues of this research. This research should be intersectional in order to build a nuanced understanding of child sexual abuse across diverse and particularly marginalised or vulnerabilised groups. There is evidence on the mental health impact of child sexual abuse but few studies evaluated interventions that addressed these outcomes among survivors. Research that will improve our understanding of the drivers, risk factors, and protective factors for different forms of child sexual abuse – including perpetration of this violence – is needed to inform prevention intervention strategies.
Topic:
Ethics, Research, Sexual Violence, Methodology, and Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)
Political Geography:
Global Focus

10. Can Panel Data Methodologies Determine the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth?

Author:
Richard A. Rosen
Publication Date:
12-2021
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET)
Abstract:
Several major papers have been published over the last ten years claiming to have detected the impact of either annual variations in weather or climate change on the GDPs of most countries in the world using panel data-based statistical methodologies. These papers rely on various multivariate regression equations which include the annual average temperatures for most countries in the world as one or more of the independent variables, where the usual dependent variable is the change in annual GDP for each country from one year to the next year over 30-50 year time periods. Unfortunately, the quantitative estimates derived in these papers are misleading because the equations from which they are calculated are wrong. The major reason the resulting regression equations are wrong is because they do not include any of the appropriate and usual economic factors or variables which are likely to be able to explain changes in GDP/economic growth whether or not climate change has already impacted each country’s economy. These equations, in short, exhibit suffer from “omitted variable bias,” to use statistical terminology.
Topic:
Climate Change, Economics, Economic Growth, and Methodology
Political Geography:
Global Focus