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6842. Complementarity and Social Networks
- Author:
- Yann Bramoulle
- Publication Date:
- 10-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- I investigate complementarity games played on graphs, which model negative externalities embedded in structures of interaction. On the complete graph, the traditional economic analysis applies: the number of agents playing one strategy is proportional to its payoff. I show that, in general and contrary to coordination games, the structure crucially influences the equilibria. On an important class of graphs, called bipartite graphs, the equilibria do not depend on strategies' payoffs. On certain highly asymmetric graphs, an increase in the payoff of a strategy even decreases the number of agents playing this strategy. In most cases, equilibria do not maximize welfare.
- Topic:
- Economics and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- United States and Latin America
6843. The Japan-China Summit and Joint Declaration of 1998: A Watershed for Japan-China Relations in the 21st Century?
- Author:
- Kazuo Sato
- Publication Date:
- 01-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The November 1998 state visit to Japan by Chinese President Jiang Zemin was historically significant in that it was the first visit to Japan by a Chinese head of state. However, many people, including policymakers in Japan, had the impression that the visit not only failed to promote Japan-China relations, but actually strengthened anti-Chinese sentiments among the Japanese public. Nevertheless, both governments treated the Japan-China Joint Declaration On Building a Partnership of Friendship and Cooperation for Peace and Development—issued by the two governments on the occasion of visit—as a third important bilateral document, following the 1972 Joint Communiqué and the 1978 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The two sides repeatedly have stressed that all problems should be handled in line with these three documents. There is a belief, especially among policymakers, that the 1998 Joint Declaration will be the bilateral framework upon which a strong partnership will be built for at least the first decade of the 21st century.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, Japan, China, Europe, Israel, East Asia, and Asia
6844. Perceptions on Free Trade: The Korean Debate Over the Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement
- Author:
- Chungsoo Kim
- Publication Date:
- 09-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- This paper analyzes the Korean public mindset on the country's external economic relations in general, and its efforts of market opening in particular, with the Japan-Korea Free Trade Area (JKFTA) as the case in point.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, China, Europe, Israel, East Asia, and Asia
6845. Significant Changes in the Chinese Television Industry and Their Impact in the PRC: An Insider's Perspective
- Author:
- Li Xiaoping
- Publication Date:
- 08-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The television services of China have undergone dramatic changes since the policy of open door economic reform was introduced in the late 1970s. Few research studies, however, have been conducted in the United States and other Western countries on what, specifically, these changes are, and how they affect the lives of Chinese people and shape the media's role in Chinese society. This paper will outline the significant structural changes in the Chinese television industry, particularly at China Central Television (CCTV); it will also analyse the phenomenon of a highly popular program, 'Focus', (Jiao Dian Fang Tan) and its impact on Chinese politics and society. Based on this analysis, this paper will discuss relevant issues surrounding mainland Chinese media, including its editorial freedom and independence, expanding impact on policymaking, and, finally, its future role in the continued liberalization and democratization of China.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, China, Europe, Israel, East Asia, and Asia
6846. Hong Kong Under One Country Two Systems: Promises and Realities
- Author:
- Chris Yeung
- Publication Date:
- 06-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The return of Hong Kong to Chinese rule captured the attention of the entire world. While most people conceded that the untried formula of “one country, two systems” was the best possible option for the people of Hong Kong, there were persistent doubts and anxiety about its viability and the sincerity of Beijing in honoring its promises. Whether or not the policy would work was definitely in the eye of beholder.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, China, Europe, Israel, East Asia, and Asia
6847. Russia's Image of China and Russian-Chinese Relations
- Author:
- Alexander Lukin
- Publication Date:
- 06-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Discussion and debate about Russian-Chinese relations is on the rise and attracts the attention of experts and policy-makers around the world. From the Russian perspective, the importance of developing relations with its neighbor is determined by several considerations: shared interests and concerns about the international situation, the need to secure a peaceful international environment for economic development, worries about the future of the Russian Far East, and advantages from trade and economic cooperation with the fastest growing Asian economy. Russian approaches to China differ among various groups, political trends and individual experts; moreover, they exist not in vacuum, but within the framework of more general perceptions of the international situation and Russia's position therein. Based on these perceptions, it can be expected that Russia will develop closer relations with China for the foreseeable future. However, since the official Russian attitude toward China strongly depends on Russia's relations with the West, especially with the United States, US policy towards Russia and China will significantly influence the future Russian-Chinese partnership.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, China, Europe, Israel, East Asia, and Asia
6848. Taking APEC Seriously
- Author:
- Edward J Lincoln
- Publication Date:
- 12-2001
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) has been a modestly useful government-to-government forum that has brought together nations from around the Pacific Rim since its inception in 1989. Sadly, hopes that APEC would provide a valuable arena in which to pursue the goal of open markets for trade and investment have fizzled. As the trade agenda has weakened, interest in APEC around the region has waned, and some nations have turned their attention to other regional or bilateral agendas.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- United States and Asia
6849. NATO Enlargement: Moving Forward
- Author:
- Philip H Gordon and James B Steinberg
- Publication Date:
- 12-2001
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The question of whether and how to expand the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) membership is one of the many important U.S. foreign policy issues that must be seen in a new light following the September 11 terrorist attacks. Prior to those attacks, there were strong indications coming from Washington that the Bush administration was planning to support a wide enlargement, notwithstanding strong opposition from Russia and from longstanding domestic opponents of the process. Many of those opponents will now argue even more forcefully that NATO enlargement should be put off or stopped altogether, particularly because Russian cooperation in the war on terrorism is now so crucial.
- Topic:
- Security and NATO
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, Europe, and Washington
6850. Beyond Missile Defense
- Author:
- Michael O'Hanlon
- Publication Date:
- 08-2001
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- President Bush is correct in his assertion that the United States and its allies should eventually be prepared to defend themselves against long-range ballistic missile attack. He has also been wise to declare the current Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty inappropriate for the modern era, and to leave no doubt in the minds of allies, neutrals, or enemies that his administration intends to move beyond the treaty and build a missile defense system when prudent and possible. However, there are dangers in the Bush administration's apparent approach to protecting the American homeland. The plan—though not yet complete—may focus somewhat myopically on the ballistic missile threat, while largely ignoring other, equally imminent dangers.
- Topic:
- Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Political Geography:
- United States and America