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31. Assessing Public Expenditure Governance: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework

Author:
Jacklyn A. Makaaru and George Bogere
Publication Date:
01-2016
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
Although governance is not a new concept, the concept of public expenditure governance is relatively new. Our defnition of public expenditure governance emphasizes the process and change aspects of interactions between actors, and how these interactions affect public expenditure outcomes. We make a contribution to the discourse on measurement/assessment of governance by developing a framework for assessing public expenditure governance. The assessment of public expenditure governance is imperative because it helps us understand governance issues that, for example, constrain effcient service delivery, accountability, and responsiveness at different decision making points along the public expenditure chain. Measurement and assessment of public expenditure governance should embody a strategy for learning what governance mechanisms are effective, effcient, and robust across different contexts. In this manner, assessment is more diagnostic as opposed to assigning a value to governance of public expenditure as being good or bad or weak or poor. Our view is that diagnostic assessment of public expenditure governance enhances utilization of specifc inputs for policy making and action programs and assesses the relative costs in utilization of resources along the public expenditure chain by creating linkages to specifc public expenditure outcomes.
Topic:
Development, Governance, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

32. Influencing the Development and Integration of National Standard Climate Change Indicators into the Monitoring and Reporting Frameworks in Uganda

Author:
Tracy Kajumba and Irene Karani
Publication Date:
12-2015
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Abstract:
This paper documents the results of the process of developing and selecting national standard climate change indicators for integration into two national monitoring and evaluation frameworks in Uganda: the Output Budgeting Tool (OBT) and the Local Government Assessment tool (LGAT). The OBT is used by the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) to determine national development standard indicators that are monitored and reported across all sectors in the country. The LGAT determines and annually assesses the minimum performance measures for all local governments in Uganda. Before the intervention of the Africa Climate Change Resilience Allicance (ACCRA) and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) as part of the Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD), both frameworks lacked standard performance indicators on climate change. This meant that local governments were not required to plan, budget or report on climate change. The briefing draws out lessons learned from using a highly participatory and bottom-up process, as well as policy implications at national, sub-national and sectoral levels. It also highlights key prerequisites for successful development and integration of climate change indicators in existing monitoring and reporting frameworks of national states
Topic:
Climate Change, Human Welfare, Politics, Governance, and Budget
Political Geography:
Uganda

33. Financing Options for the Ugandan National Oil Company

Author:
Thomas Lassourd
Publication Date:
09-2015
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Natural Resource Governance Institute
Abstract:
This briefing note is an effort to help frame the main tradeoffs and assess four potential funding models for the newly created national oil company of Uganda. It is based on NRGI’s international experience and understanding of the local context. Uganda’s national oil company will have a critical role. It is expected to professionally manage all aspects of state participation in the sector and act as a center of expertise for the government. It is also expected to play a strong role as a minority equity partner in the USD 4.3 billion Hoima refinery project and potentially in a USD 4 billion export pipeline. Under all possible funding options, strong audit and reporting processes should be required, as well as parliamentary oversight. The chosen funding model will also need to balance the needs of the national oil company with national development needs in Uganda. Funding model options can be adapted to meet Uganda’s unique situation. NRGI is at the disposal of Uganda’s government and parliament to discuss these models.
Topic:
Development, Energy Policy, Oil, Natural Resources, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

34. Public Expenditure Governance in Uganda’s Education Sector: Application of an Innovative Assessment Framework

Author:
Jacklyn Makaaru Arinaitwe, Kiran Cunningham, Emmanuel Keith Kisaame, Suzie Nansozi Muwanga, and George Bogere
Publication Date:
01-2015
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)
Abstract:
This paper presents a framework for assessing public expenditure governance (PEG) in the education sector. Unlike tools for assessing public financial management, which tend to focus quite specifically on fund management, PEG assessment focuses on inputs, processes and outcomes associated with the governance of public expenditure. Inputs are the laws, policies, rules, regulations, goals and priorities that govern actions and decision-making. The assessment principles associated with the input side of PEG are participation and strategic vision. Processes are the attributes of delivering education, and these processes cover legislation, implementation, auditing, and planning and budgeting. The assessment principles focussing on process are accountability and transparency, both of which are essential if processes are to lead to the desired outcomes. The desired outcomes of PEG are associated with quality education that is equitably, efficiently and effectively delivered. Thus, the assessment principles associated with outcomes are equity, efficiency and effectiveness. In addition to thoroughly defining these principles, this paper also illustrates their use by applying them to the inputs, processes and outcomes of public expenditure governance in Uganda’s education sector.
Topic:
Education, Governance, Transparency, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

35. Die Global Governance des Wassers. Eine Untersuchung der Wasserpolitik und städtischen Versorgungslage in Uganda

Author:
Anne Siebert
Publication Date:
04-2014
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Development and Peace
Abstract:
Over the past decade, Uganda has developed strong water and sanitation sector reform policies grounded in a constitutional guarantee to the human right to water. This yielded not yet to comprehensive results in improvement of the supply situation. This Working Paper analyzes and critically evaluates this rights-based water reform process on global and national level to identify the context-specific conditions in Uganda for the successes and failures. It investigates the related policies in Uganda; and also has a look at formal and informal sectors of society. In particular, the paper asks whether and how human rights-based arrangements and strategies can serve as a model for addressing the urgent water sector challenges. Furthermore, the paper discusses how policy transfer, rights awareness, and community participation in context of water supply and sanitation might be influenced in a sustainable way.
Topic:
Human Rights, Water, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

36. New Report Examines East Africa and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development

Author:
Solomon Dersso
Publication Date:
10-2014
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
International Peace Institute (IPI)
Abstract:
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), composed of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda with its secretariat headquartered in Djibouti, covers northeast Africa, a region continuing to experience major changes, arguably more than any other part of the continent. This is the only region of Africa where colonially drawn borders have been redrawn. In contrast to other regions of Africa, this is also where the prospect of further redrawing of borders—with Somaliland seeking international recognition as a separate state—remains a real possibility.
Topic:
Conflict Prevention, Security, Development, Economics, Environment, Regional Cooperation, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda, Kenya, Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, and South Sudan

37. To Charge or Not to Charge: Evidence from a Health Products Experiment in Uganda

Author:
Dean Karlan, Greg Fischer, Margaret McConnell, and Pia Raffler
Publication Date:
12-2014
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Global Development (CGD)
Abstract:
In a field experiment in Uganda, we find that demand after a free distribution of three health products is lower than after a sale distribution. This contrasts with work on insecticide-treated bed nets, highlighting the importance of product characteristics in determining pricing policy. We put forward a model to illustrate the potential tension between two important factors, learning and anchoring, and then test this model with three products selected specifically for their variation in the scope for learning. We find the rank order of shifts in demand matches with the theoretical prediction, although the differences are not statistically significant.
Topic:
Climate Change, Environment, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda, Europe, and Germany

38. Biosafety of GM Crops in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania

Author:
Judith A. Chambers
Publication Date:
12-2013
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Abstract:
Against a background of rapid global adoption rates and two decades of safe use, the overly cautious approach to genetic modification (GM) technology in agriculture by African governments seems misplaced. To date, only three African countries are engaged in commercial production of GM crops, although others are experimenting with the technology. Among those African countries experimenting with the technology, several are proceeding along a path toward commercialization and reside geographically close in East Africa, where the potential for regional trade impacts and issues exist. An examination of their historical circumstance and experience with GM technology, and the resultant effects on regulatory policy, can offer some useful insights about the various factors that impact GM technology adoption in Africa, especially from the perspective of the biosafety policies enacted.
Topic:
Security, Agriculture, International Trade and Finance, Science and Technology, Food, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda, Kenya, Africa, and Tanzania

39. Uganda: No Resolution to Growing Tensions

Publication Date:
04-2012
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
International Crisis Group
Abstract:
Most Ugandans are better off than they were a quarter-century ago, when Yoweri Museveni became president. But frequent demonstrations and violent crackdowns indicate many are deeply dissatisfied with his administration. This is largely the consequence of a slow shift from a broad-based constitutional government to patronage-based, personal rule. In this respect, Museveni has followed a governance trajectory similar to that of his predecessors, although without their brutal repression. Like them, he has failed to overcome regional and religious cleavages that make Uganda difficult to govern and has relied increasing-ly on centralisation, patronage and coercion to maintain control. Unless this trend is corrected, Uganda will become increasingly difficult to govern and political conflict may become more deadly.
Topic:
Political Violence and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa

40. Oil for Uganda – or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse?

Author:
Alan Gelb and Stephanie Majerowicz
Publication Date:
07-2011
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Global Development (CGD)
Abstract:
In 2009, commercially exploitable reserves of oil were found in the Albertine Lakes Basin in Uganda. Along with a number of new oil exporters, Uganda now faces the challenge of using the new resources to advance its development agenda, while avoiding the corrosive effects oil often has on governance. This paper considers the tradeoffs and potential impact of alternative uses of the oil rent. It argues that alternative approaches towards absorbing rents should be judged from two perspectives – the direct impact on growth and living standards, and the indirect effect on governance. The Ugandan authorities favor using the oil revenues to build much-needed infrastructure; while this could have very large benefits, evidence of Uganda's already deteriorating governance and mounting corruption raise questions about its capacity to wisely invest the oil revenues. This paper considers an alternative—distributing oil rents to the population through cash transfers—as a potential tool to mitigate some of the governance risks associated with oil revenues by giving Ugandan citizens a stake in their own resource wealth, and considers the strengths and limitations of such an approach.
Topic:
Oil, Natural Resources, and Governance
Political Geography:
Uganda and Africa