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111. The G8's Counterterrorism Action Group May 2009

Author:
Eric Rosand
Publication Date:
05-2009
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Fourth Freedom Forum
Abstract:
The Group of Eight (G8) leaders established the Counterterrorism Action Group (CTAG) at the 2003 Evian summit with a view to enhancing global counterterrorism capacity-building assistance and coordination activities and to reducing duplication of effort. The G8 had become increasingly dissatisfied with the slow progress of the UN Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) in trying to stimulate and help coordinate global counterterrorism capacity-building activities during the first two years of the latter's existence. Among the goals in creating the CTAG was to offer the CTC a donor forum in which to share information regarding priority assistance needs related to the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1373, with a view to identifying the appropriate donors to address each identified need. The G8 agreed to invite “other states, mainly donors,” and the CTC to join the group, which now includes Australia, the European Commission, Spain, and Switzerland.
Topic:
International Organization, Terrorism, and Counterinsurgency
Political Geography:
Spain, Australia, and Switzerland

112. The Myth of a No-NATO-Enlargement Pledge to Russia

Author:
Mark Kramer
Publication Date:
04-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Washington Quarterly
Institution:
Center for Strategic and International Studies
Abstract:
In the latter half of the 1990s, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was preparing to expand its membership for the first time since the admission of Spain in 1982, Russian officials claimed that the entry of former Warsaw Pact countries into NATO would violate a solemn ''pledge'' made by the governments of West Germany and the United States in 1990 not to bring any former Communist states into the alliance. Anatolii Adamishin, who was Soviet deputy foreign minister in 1990, claimed in 1997 that ''we were told during the German reunification process that NATO would not expand.'' Other former Soviet officials, including Mikhail Gorbachev, made similar assertions in 1996—1997. Some Western analysts and former officials, including Jack F. Matlock, who was the U.S. ambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1990, endorsed this view, arguing that Gorbachev received a ''clear commitment that if Germany united, and stayed in NATO, the borders of NATO would not move eastward.'' Pointing to comments recorded by the journalists Michael Beschloss and Strobe Talbott, former U.S. defense secretary Robert McNamara averred that ''the United States pledged never to expand NATO eastward if Moscow would agree to the unification of Germany.'' According to this view, ''the Clinton administration reneged on that commitment . . . when it decided to expand NATO to Eastern Europe.''
Topic:
NATO and Government
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, Europe, North Atlantic, Moscow, Germany, and Spain

113. ¿Es necesario tipificar el delito de financiación del terrorismo en el Código Penal español?

Author:
Isidoro Blanco Cordero
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
The contribution analyzes whether the terrorist financing offence as defined in international conventions is punishable under the Spanish criminal legislation. The analysis concludes that not all elements of the international offence are included in the Spanish legislation, and that a reform of the Spanish penal code is necessary. However, a 2008 draft reform approved by the Spanish government introduces this offence and consists of a literal copy of the international instruments. It seems appropriate to take into account the peculiarities of Spanish criminal law when adopting international standards.
Topic:
International Relations and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Spain

114. The terrorist threat is being materially and normatively shaped by national and global institutions of law and order: Spain beyond

Author:
Fernando Celaya
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
The present article will explore how the terrorist threat is being materially and normatively shaped by national and global institutions of law and order with an emphasis on Spain. In this process security managers are gaining immense powers with limited national or supranational supervision thereby creating a symbiosis that enables them to perpetuate their relevance within national, transnational and international security affairs. This article concludes that this occurrence which is blurring the lines between internal and external aspects of security creates a complex dilemma for civil liberties.
Topic:
Civil Society
Political Geography:
Spain

115. Una primera aproximación a la Decisión Marco 2008/919/JAI de 28 de noviembre de 2008, que modifica la Decisión Marco del Consejo 2002/475/JAI, de 13 de junio de 2002, sobre la lucha contra el terrorismo

Author:
Luis Aparicio Díaz
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the new amendment of the Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA on combating terrorism operated by the Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008. We study this change referred to the non amended Framework Decision, specially the public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, acts of recruitment for terrorism and acts of training for terrorism. We analyze too the new problems in the Spanish Criminal Law arisen from those changes. And finally we propose three new crimes to transpose this amendment into the Spanish Criminal Code.
Topic:
Terrorism
Political Geography:
Spain

116. Criss-Crossing Globalization: Uphill Flows of Skill-Intensive Goods and Foreign Direct Investment

Author:
Arvind Subramanian and Aaditya Mattoo
Publication Date:
08-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Global Development
Abstract:
This paper documents an unusual and possibly significant phenomenon: the export of skills, embodied in goods, services or capital from poorer to richer countries. We first present a set of stylized facts. Using a measure which combines the sophistication of a country's exports with the average income level of destination countries, we show that the performance of a number of developing countries, notably China, Mexico and South Africa, matches that of much more advanced countries, such as Japan, Spain and USA. Creating a new combined dataset on FDI (covering greenfield investment as well as mergers and acquisitions) we show that flows of FDI to OECD countries from developing countries like Brazil, India, Malaysia and South Africa as a share of their GDP, are as large as flows from countries like Japan, Korea and the US. Then, taking the work of Hausmann et al (2007) as a point of departure, we suggest that it is not just the composition of exports but their destination that matters. In both cross-sectional and panel regressions, with a range of controls, we find that a measure of uphill flows of sophisticated goods is significantly associated with better growth performance. These results suggest the need for a deeper analysis of whether development benefits might derive not from deifying comparative advantage but from defying it.
Topic:
Development, Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Foreign Direct Investment
Political Geography:
United States, Japan, Malaysia, India, South Africa, Brazil, Spain, and Korea

117. Consumer Bankruptcy Regimes and Credit Default in the US and Europe

Author:
Maria Gerhardt
Publication Date:
07-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for European Policy Studies
Abstract:
This CEPS Working Document explains the consumer bankruptcy procedures in the US and the five largest European countries: the UK, Germany, France and Spain, plus Italy (which has no special legal provisions for consumer insolvency). All these countries have quite different approaches; the paper therefore presents a short overview of the insolvency procedures and trends in bankruptcy numbers for each country.
Political Geography:
United States, United Kingdom, Europe, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy

118. España frente el referéndum europeo: o de la democracia y sus debilidades

Author:
Yanina Welp
Publication Date:
09-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
Abstract:
Spain facing the European referendum: or democracy and its weaknesses: One common criticism to the European integration process has been the deficit of democratic legitimacy. Direct consultation through referendum has been proposed as a mechanism to bridge this gap, however, there is a debate about the potentialities and risks of direct democracy. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this debate by analysing the Spanish experience of ratifying the European constitution (February 2005).
Topic:
Democratization and Regional Cooperation
Political Geography:
Europe and Spain

119. No Other Life: Gangs, Guns, and Governance in Trinidad and Tobago

Author:
Dorn Townsend
Publication Date:
12-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Small Arms Survey
Abstract:
In the last decade, gun-related homicides in Trinidad and Tobago (T T) have risen about1,000 per cent. While higher rates of crime have permeated much of the island of Trinidad in particular, overwhelmingly violence is concentrated in relatively small, hilly, and dense urban areas on the east side of Port of Spain's central business district. On a per capita basis, the eastern districts of Port of Spain are among the most dangerous places on the planet and, as a whole, the murder rate for Port of Spain is comparable to that of Baghdad (Kukis, 2009).
Topic:
Arms Control and Proliferation, Crime, and Poverty
Political Geography:
Africa, Spain, and Island

120. "Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy"

Author:
Ingrid Robeyns
Publication Date:
12-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
This book is highly recommended to anyone who wants to know what development ethics has to offer, or who wants to engage with arguments on the role of the capability approach and ideas of deliberative democracy in development ethics.
Topic:
Development
Political Geography:
Spain