Search

Begin New Search Political Geography Spain Publication Year within 25 Years

171. From Kosovo to Catalonia: Separatism and Integration in Europe

Author:
Christopher Borgen
Publication Date:
12-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Goettingen Journal of International Law
Institution:
The Goettingen Journal of International Law
Abstract:
In July 2010 the International Court of Justice rendered its Advisory Opinion on the legality of Kosovo's declaration of independence and the Constitutional Court of Spain rendered an opinion concerning the autonomy of Catalonia. Two very different cases, from very different places, decided by very different courts. Nonetheless, they each provide insights on the issue of separatism in the midst of European integration. Does the Kosovo opinion open the door for other separatist groups? Does the process of European integration increase or undercut separatism? In addressing these questions, this article proceeds in three main parts. Part A briefly recaps the legal issues involved in the Kosovo Advisory Opinion. Part B discusses the relationship between self - determination and EU institutions and practices with a particular focus on Catalonia and the Basque country. Finally, part C assesses the seemingly contradictory impulses of separatism and European integration.
Political Geography:
Europe, Kosovo, and Spain

172. Sovereignty on Borrowed Territory: Sahrawi Identity in Algeria

Author:
Randa Farah
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
Institution:
Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
Abstract:
Sahrawi refugees have been able to establish a sense of united sovereignty in Algerian camps, despite obstruction from neighboring Morocco.
Political Geography:
Algeria, Spain, and Morocco

173. The Myth of a No-NATO-Enlargement Pledge to Russia

Author:
Mark Kramer
Publication Date:
04-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Washington Quarterly
Institution:
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Abstract:
In the latter half of the 1990s, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was preparing to expand its membership for the first time since the admission of Spain in 1982, Russian officials claimed that the entry of former Warsaw Pact countries into NATO would violate a solemn ''pledge'' made by the governments of West Germany and the United States in 1990 not to bring any former Communist states into the alliance. Anatolii Adamishin, who was Soviet deputy foreign minister in 1990, claimed in 1997 that ''we were told during the German reunification process that NATO would not expand.'' Other former Soviet officials, including Mikhail Gorbachev, made similar assertions in 1996—1997. Some Western analysts and former officials, including Jack F. Matlock, who was the U.S. ambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1990, endorsed this view, arguing that Gorbachev received a ''clear commitment that if Germany united, and stayed in NATO, the borders of NATO would not move eastward.'' Pointing to comments recorded by the journalists Michael Beschloss and Strobe Talbott, former U.S. defense secretary Robert McNamara averred that ''the United States pledged never to expand NATO eastward if Moscow would agree to the unification of Germany.'' According to this view, ''the Clinton administration reneged on that commitment . . . when it decided to expand NATO to Eastern Europe.''
Topic:
NATO and Government
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, Europe, North Atlantic, Moscow, Germany, and Spain

174. ¿Es necesario tipificar el delito de financiación del terrorismo en el Código Penal español?

Author:
Isidoro Blanco Cordero
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
The contribution analyzes whether the terrorist financing offence as defined in international conventions is punishable under the Spanish criminal legislation. The analysis concludes that not all elements of the international offence are included in the Spanish legislation, and that a reform of the Spanish penal code is necessary. However, a 2008 draft reform approved by the Spanish government introduces this offence and consists of a literal copy of the international instruments. It seems appropriate to take into account the peculiarities of Spanish criminal law when adopting international standards.
Topic:
International Relations and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Spain

175. The terrorist threat is being materially and normatively shaped by national and global institutions of law and order: Spain beyond

Author:
Fernando Celaya
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
The present article will explore how the terrorist threat is being materially and normatively shaped by national and global institutions of law and order with an emphasis on Spain. In this process security managers are gaining immense powers with limited national or supranational supervision thereby creating a symbiosis that enables them to perpetuate their relevance within national, transnational and international security affairs. This article concludes that this occurrence which is blurring the lines between internal and external aspects of security creates a complex dilemma for civil liberties.
Topic:
Civil Society
Political Geography:
Spain

176. Una primera aproximación a la Decisión Marco 2008/919/JAI de 28 de noviembre de 2008, que modifica la Decisión Marco del Consejo 2002/475/JAI, de 13 de junio de 2002, sobre la lucha contra el terrorismo

Author:
Luis Aparicio Díaz
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Athena Intelligence Journal
Institution:
Athena Intelligence
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the new amendment of the Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA on combating terrorism operated by the Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008. We study this change referred to the non amended Framework Decision, specially the public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, acts of recruitment for terrorism and acts of training for terrorism. We analyze too the new problems in the Spanish Criminal Law arisen from those changes. And finally we propose three new crimes to transpose this amendment into the Spanish Criminal Code.
Topic:
Terrorism
Political Geography:
Spain

177. The Politics of Adjustment and Coordination at the Regional Level: The Basque Country

Author:
Sebastian Royo
Publication Date:
01-2009
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University
Abstract:
Is globalization forcing non-“Coordinated Market Economies” such as Spain to converge on an Anglo-American model? This paper seeks to build on the hypotheses generated by the literature on “Varieties of Capitalism” to analyze the challenges of developing and sustaining coordination while adjusting for economic change. In particular it seeks to explore ways in which subnational factors promote the ability of socioeconomic actors to develop public-private institutions. By focusing on a particular autonomous region of Spain, the Basque Country, this paper will explore the role of institutional arrangements at the regional level in determining national adjustment. In the Basque Country the relative power and the particular interests of the regional state have been central factors in promoting distinctive patterns of coordination. At the same time, actors' preferences and policy outcomes have been constrained by the differences in the quality and configuration of institutional frameworks, political deals, and the existing economic structure.
Topic:
Economics and Markets
Political Geography:
America, Europe, and Spain

178. Implications of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia for International Law: The Conduct of the Community of States in Current Secession Conflicts

Author:
Heiko Krueger
Publication Date:
04-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Caucasian Review of International Affairs
Institution:
The Caucasian Review of International Affairs
Abstract:
The objective of this article is to examine whether the current conduct of the community of states in the cases of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia has any implications on international law. This question arises particularly in the case of Kosovo, since many states have recognised its separation from Serbia. Can the conduct of the community of states be used as a legal precedent by other groups seeking separation, e.g. in Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Moldova, Spain or Ukraine? What if more states were to recognise Kosovo in the future? The focus of this paper will be to consider the implications of the conduct of the community of states on the interpretation of international treaties and customary international law. In this respect, the conduct of states in the cases of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in August 2008 will also be taken into account.
Topic:
International Law
Political Geography:
China, Ukraine, Moldova, Kosovo, Azerbaijan, Serbia, Georgia, Spain, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia

179. The G8's Counterterrorism Action Group May 2009

Author:
Eric Rosand
Publication Date:
05-2009
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Fourth Freedom Forum
Abstract:
The Group of Eight (G8) leaders established the Counterterrorism Action Group (CTAG) at the 2003 Evian summit with a view to enhancing global counterterrorism capacity-building assistance and coordination activities and to reducing duplication of effort. The G8 had become increasingly dissatisfied with the slow progress of the UN Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) in trying to stimulate and help coordinate global counterterrorism capacity-building activities during the first two years of the latter's existence. Among the goals in creating the CTAG was to offer the CTC a donor forum in which to share information regarding priority assistance needs related to the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1373, with a view to identifying the appropriate donors to address each identified need. The G8 agreed to invite “other states, mainly donors,” and the CTC to join the group, which now includes Australia, the European Commission, Spain, and Switzerland.
Topic:
International Organization, Terrorism, and Counterinsurgency
Political Geography:
Spain, Australia, and Switzerland

180. Adrift in Madrid

Author:
Rafael Bardaji
Publication Date:
10-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Journal of International Security Affairs
Institution:
Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
Abstract:
MADRID-Spain was attacked by Islamists on March 11, 2004, but the new government that emerged from the polls three days later never learned the right lessons from that massacre. Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and his Socialist government argued that Spain had been attacked because of its presence in Iraq and because of the conservative government's cooperation with the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush. Based on this notion, they concluded that by pulling out of Iraq and distancing itself from America, Spain could insulate itself from Islamic terrorism.
Topic:
Government, Islam, and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Iraq, America, and Spain