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Begin New Search Topic Public Spending Political Geography South America

1. Models of Measuring Cooperation: Brazil and Mexico

Author:
José Alejandro Sebastian Barrios Díaz
Publication Date:
05-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Contexto Internacional
Institution:
Institute of International Relations, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Abstract:
Over the past few decades, South-South cooperation has grown in terms of actors, volume, geographic reach, instruments, and modalities, but, statistics on this type of cooperation have been incomplete and fragmented. The technical, political, and institutional challenges in measuring South-South cooperation are emphasised by countries like Brazil and Mexico, chosen as cases to be analysed in the text. The article explores the experiences in measuring international cooperation provided by Brazil and Mexico, starting with the characterization of the two national trajectories in the quantification and the modalities that determine the process, and analyses the main similarities and differences presented between the cases. The analysis of the countries studied in this article evidence the different institutional designs of international cooperation and the establishment of measurement models elaborated by governments based on their own realities of international cooperation, indicating, therefore, that the process of measuring international cooperation is not only a statistical issue, but above all, a political one. Seen in these terms, South-South cooperation measurement exercises have provided more knowledge about how cooperation activities are organized and their relation to global development agendas, and have also consolidated the transparency of public expenditure.cooperation and development; South-South cooperation; public expenditure; Brazil; Mexico; measurement.
Topic:
Development, International Cooperation, Global South, Public Spending, and Measurement
Political Geography:
Brazil, South America, Latin America, and Mexico

2. Building back better after the COVID-19 pandemic

Author:
Miguel Jaramillo and Bruno Escobar
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE)
Abstract:
In this policy-oriented paper, we provide a pre- and post-pandemic socioeconomic analysis of Peru, along with a financially sustainable five-year Building Back Better recovery plan, which emphasizes the urgency of addressing some of the country’s structural weaknesses. We underscore the importance of public investment for this effort, but widen the focus to include current public expenditure, in order to take steps towards building a more universal social protection system. We show that this also contributes to reducing the gender imbalances in the labor market that the pandemic exposed and exacerbated. We provide a financial programming exercise that demonstrates that the plan is financially responsible under a reasonable fiscal rule. Four core ideas stand out from our analysis. Firstly, while public investment can be key to reigniting economic growth, it does not go very far in tackling structural weaknesses. Secondly, public spending in health can actually achieve this from two fronts: by beginning to build a universal access social protection system and by addressing gender imbalances in the labor market. Thirdly, focusing public discussion on social protection enables a broader approach to policy reform by including formal employment and productivity enhancing reforms, which are essential for the sustainability of a broad social protection system. Finally, we also show that the sector mix in public investment has an impact on employment results, both in terms of the volume of jobs generated and their gender composition.
Topic:
Health, Inequality, COVID-19, Socioeconomics, Public Spending, and Gender
Political Geography:
South America and Peru

3. Distributional Effects of Reducing Energy Subsidies: Evidence from Recent Policy Reform in Argentina

Author:
Fernando Giuliano, Maria Ana Lugo, Ariel Masut, and Jorge Puig
Publication Date:
09-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS)
Abstract:
We analyze the distributional effects of the reduction in energy subsidies in Ar- gentina since 2016. As the policy reform also includes the introduction of a scheme to protect less well-off families (social tariff), we also review how well the targeting mechanism works. We apply traditional benefit-incidence analysis using household surveys and administrative data, focusing on residential subsidies to natural gas and electricity in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. We find that the social tariff is relatively pro-poor, with significantly higher coverage among the poorest households. There are some exclusion errors in the low-income deciles and large inclusion errors in the medium- and high-income deciles. The distributive incidence of subsidies does not appear to have changed substantially. Energy subsidies in Argentina (lower in aggregate terms) continue to be, although progressive, pro-rich. The distributional effect is explained by the fact that generalized subsidies to all categories of consumption coexist with a relatively well targeted social tariff. Re- garding energy budget shares, monthly spending on electricity has increased from 1.1 percent of total household income to 3.4 percent. Monthly spending on piped gas rose from 1.3 percent to 3.3 percent. These shares are in line with many other countries in the region. Naturally, there has been a convergence of tariffs toward service provision costs.
Topic:
Energy Policy, Reform, Subsidies, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
Argentina and South America

4. Assessing Budget Credibility: Paraguay Food Program for School (PAEP)

Author:
Fernando Ovando and Verónica Serafini
Publication Date:
04-2019
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Budget credibility refers to the capacity of governments to fully execute resources allocated through the national budget, in terms of expenditures and revenues. When this execution is not accomplished, there should be valid arguments for explaining this limitation. A budget credibility exercise examines the nature and degrees of diversion of resources allocated by national budgets as well as the causes and consequences of this diversion. The case of budget credibility in Paraguay presented here refers to a public program that helps children performance at schools. The Paraguay Food Program for School (PAEP) was created by law in 2014, replacing another program of Nutritional Supplement for School, in force since 1995. The purpose of PAEP is to meet nutritional needs of students in order to create good nutrition habits, healthy lifestyle and to improve school attendance and school performance. Two modalities are adopted in order to provide food to schools: i) food prepared at schools; ii) food provided by local and national suppliers. PAEP is directed to public schools, both primary and secondary. It aims to provide food baskets to students on regular basis for the whole academic year. Priorities are given to schools located in zones of extreme poverty, indigenous settlements, peasant colonies, schools located at hazardous districts and those with double schooling (shifts) The Central Government implements this program for the Capital (Asuncion), through the Ministry of Education. While local governments (governorships) are in charge of implementing the program for different regions (departments) and districts (municipalities) of the rest of the country.
Topic:
Education, Budget, Public Spending, and Schools
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

5. Monitoreo Fiscal Evolución de las Cuentas Públicas 2016

Author:
Fernando Ovando
Publication Date:
03-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El CADEP presenta el Monitoreo Fiscal Evolución de las Cuentas Públicas que consiste en un instrumento que busca la transparencia y el acceso a la información de las cuentas públicas para dar a conocer a todos los ciudadanos, los orígenes y asignaciones de los recursos públicos. Esto equivale, en términos sencillos, a conocer cuáles son los ingredientes de la torta fiscal y como se distribuye entre todos los invitados. En esta publicación se presenta la evolución de los ingresos tributarios, teniendo en cuenta los principales tipos de impuestos. Posteriormente, se desglosan los gastos de la administración central, entre los gastos operativos y las inversiones, para entender no solamente la evolución si no el peso total de los mismos dentro de la estructura presupuestaria.
Topic:
Budget, Fiscal Policy, Transparency, Public Spending, and Monitoring
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

6. Agricultura Familiar: ODM y Gasto Público

Author:
Gerardo Benítez
Publication Date:
09-2016
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
La Agricultura Familiar en el Paraguay ya no cumple con su objetivo de satisfacer la demanda alimentaria del mercado interno. El Paraguay no ha alcanzado las metas propuestas dentro de los Objetivos del Milenio (ODM) para reducir la desnutrición crónica y la desnutrición de embarazadas. Los gastos públicos en apoyo de la Agricultura Familiar se han venido reduciendo en forma sostenida desde el 2012. Estas son tres de las conclusiones del trabajo de Gerardo Benítez sobre la situación de la Agricultura Familiar en el Paraguay y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria. En esta monografía se aborda primeramente la capacidad de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina en la generación de alimentos para la subsistencia y para la renta. En segundo lugar, se presentan los resultados de los ODM en materia de desnutrición para el Paraguay y su vinculación con la Agricultura Familiar. Finalmente se examinan los diversos programas públicos de apoyo a la Agricultura Familiar y la evolución de este apoyo en términos de gastos con relación al PIB y con los gastos totales de la administración pública.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, Food Security, Farming, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

7. Monitoreo fiscal: Evolución de las cuentas públicas del 2003 al 2015

Author:
Julio Ramírez and Gerardo Benítez
Publication Date:
03-2016
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
La evolución de las cuentas públicas en el Paraguay en los últimos 12 años es objeto del último informe de Monitoreo Fiscal, una publicación del Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP).En el mismo se analiza la estructura de los ingresos del Estado y su comportamiento de acuerdo a los diferentes tipos de tributos e ingresos no tributarios. También se aborda el tema de los gastos públicos, con énfasis en los gastos sociales. Finalmente se describen los resultados fiscales en todo el período considerado.
Topic:
Budget, Fiscal Policy, Public Spending, and Monitoring
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

8. El Presupuesto y el Gasto Público en Paraguay: aportes para un mejor entendimiento 2000 – 2009

Author:
Walter A. Zárate
Publication Date:
12-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Los Estudios sobre Finanzas Públicas son preparados en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID).
Topic:
Governance, Economy, Fiscal Policy, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

9. Informe Económico Fiscal 2009

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
12-2009
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Los Informes Económicos Fiscales son preparados en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El proyecto tiene por objetivo facilitar la interpretación de los datos e informaciones de las finanzas públicas para alentar la participación ciudadana en el seguimiento de los gastos e ingresos fiscales, poniendo énfasis en la transparencia, eficiencia y equidad fiscal.
Topic:
Budget, Economy, Fiscal Policy, Transparency, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

10. Monitoreo Fiscal Nº 3. Enero – Setiembre 2009

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
11-2009
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Con esta edición llegamos a la tercera entrega del Monitoreo Fiscal, importante material dirigido a los ciudadanos y a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para facilitar una mejor comprensión sobre el origen de los recursos del Estado, la aplicación y la asignación de los mismos a los diferentes tipos de gastos e inversiones. Este número abarca el periodo comprendido entre Enero – Setiembre de 2002 al 2009, y presenta un análisis de los principales ingresos tanto tributarios como no tributarios de la Administración Central, poniendo especial énfasis en los principales impuestos recaudados en el periodo. De la misma forma, se analiza la ejecución de los gastos de la Administración Central desglosados por sus distintos componentes, ya sean estos corrientes o de capital así como los gastos funcionales que abarcan fundamentalmente los gastos sociales y no sociales. La misma, se publica en el marco del Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP).
Topic:
Economy, Fiscal Policy, Public Spending, and Monitoring
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay