Political Geography: North Africa / Topic: Conflict Resolution

Publication Date:: 12-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: On 27 October 2002, Somali political leaders gathered in the Kenyan town of Eldoret signed a new declaration that envisages an end to the protracted crisis in their country. After more than a decade as the only country in the world totally devoid of a functioning central government and no less than twenty unsuccessful national-level peace initiatives since 1991, the Eldoret Declaration has raised hopes that resolution of the Somali crisis may now be within reach.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Civil War, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: Kenya, North Africa, and Somalia

Publication Date:: 11-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: Warring parties and international aid providers in Sudan have an historic opportunity to bring to an end what is perhaps the most extreme and long-running example in the world of using access to humanitarian aid as an instrument of war. A mid- December meeting between the UN and Sudan's warring parties – the Technical Committee for Humanitarian Assistance (TCHA) – provides an unparalleled vehicle to build on recent short-term agreements and to once and for all remove the institutional barriers to unimpeded access for humanitarian agencies. Such an opportunity may not arise again, so it is imperative that mediators, the UN Security Council, and interested governments provide concentrated and immediate support for this objective.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Civil War, Ethnic Conflict, Human Welfare, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: Sudan, United Nations, and North Africa

Publication Date:: 09-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: On 1 September 2002, two weeks into the second phase of the peace negotiations in Machakos, Kenya, the Sudanese government suspended its participation in the talks being brokered by the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). This followed the capture, after a series of battles, of the southeastern Sudanese town of Torit by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLA).
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Civil War, Ethnic Conflict, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: Kenya, Sudan, and North Africa

Publication Date:: 06-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: Sudan's civil war, already one of the deadliest conflicts since World War II, has entered its most destructive phase to date. Oil revenues have allowed the government to purchase increasingly lethal weapons, more effectively pursue population-clearing operations, and expand the use of its greatest comparative advantage, air power. The rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) has greater manpower to deploy on multiple fronts, has also acquired more sophisticated arms, and is engaging government forces in more intense conventional battles.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: Sudan and North Africa

Publication Date:: 05-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: For the first time since the last UN mission left the country in 1995, there is considerable international interest in Somalia, centred on the possibility that the country may become part of the global war against terrorism. The U.S. government suspects that al-Qaeda may have used Somalia as a staging area or safe haven in the past and remains concerned – though less than in the immediate aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks – that it could do so again because of the country's highly fragmented internal security situation.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, International Cooperation, Terrorism, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: United States, United Nations, North Africa, and Somalia

Publication Date:: 04-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: Sudan's window of opportunity threatens to become a missed opportunity if the peace process is not revitalised in the near future. Escalation of fighting around the oil fields, increasing use by the government of helicopter gunships against civilian as well as military targets, and indecision surrounding the nature of wider international engagement all put at risk Sudan's best chance for peace since the latest phase of civil war began nearly nineteen years ago. The parties continue to signal that they are ready to negotiate seriously. The international community, and in particular the United States, must seize this opportunity to revitalise the peace process before the two sides recommit themselves to resolving Africa's longest conflict on the battlefield.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: United States, Sudan, and North Africa

Publication Date:: 01-2002
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: International Crisis Group
Abstract:: Sudan's long civil war rages on, claiming a terrible toll of death and displacement .While the decades of destruction are too complex to trace back to a single source, several forces propel the war, principally disputes over religion , resources , governance and self-determination . Concentration of power in a small group of competing elites that has not granted the majority of Sudanese broader economic and political rights has only deepened the country's considerable geographic, religious cultural and ethnic divisions.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, International Cooperation, and Treaties and Agreements
Political Geography:: Sudan and North Africa

Author:: Eyal Zisser
Publication Date:: 05-2001
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Abstract:: While the violence in the West Bank and Gaza captures most of the attention, arguably more important developments in the last year have occurred in the Syria-Lebanon-Israel triangle.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution
Political Geography:: United States, Israel, Arabia, Gaza, North Africa, Lebanon, and Syria

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