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72. All For One and One For All: Toward A Coordinated EU Approach on Returnees
- Author:
- Colin P. Clarke
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract:
- As European authorities watched thousands of aspiring jihadists leave their countries to fight in Iraq and Syria in 2012 and 2013, few laws were in place to prevent them from “taking a holiday in Istanbul,” a well-known euphemism for jihadists seeking to travel to Syria. As law enforcement and intelligence agencies prepare for the return of some of those who left, European officials may be wondering whether they have the policies, authorities and capabilities to effectively deal with any threats returnees may present.
- Topic:
- Law, Violent Extremism, Citizenship, and Islamic State
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Middle East, Syria, and European Union
73. Libya’s Terrorism Challenge: Assessing the Salafi-Jihadi Threat
- Author:
- Lydia Sizer
- Publication Date:
- 10-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Middle East Institute (MEI)
- Abstract:
- Salafi-jihadis have maintained an active presence in Libya due to a mix of push and pull factors. Historic participation in such groups, declining standards of living, the historical marginalization of minorities, and a pervasive sense of victimhood have all made Libya a ripe jihadi recruiting ground. Many Salafi-jihadis offer the status, salary, and services that the fractured state cannot provide. These movements can be diminished through investments like educational programs, aid to war-torn regions, demilitarization programs, and improved intelligence sharing by border officials in Libya’s neighboring states. However, until the political crisis that has plagued Libya for over three years ends, there is little Libya’s international partners can do to help confront these movements. And as long as the crisis continues, civil unrest will persist and institutions will remain weak. Such a scenario would provide the requisite chaos for the present Salahi-jihadi movements to flourish.
- Topic:
- Terrorism, Violent Extremism, Conflict, and Jihad
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Libya, and North Africa
74. "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : Perle Nicolle
- Author:
- Perle Nicolle
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Israel/Palestine Creative Regional Initiatives (IPCRI)
- Abstract:
- "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : A close look at Jewish radical violence
- Topic:
- Crime, Violent Extremism, Radicalization, Violence, Society, and Revenge
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
75. "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : Tehila Frideman-Nachalon
- Author:
- Tehila Frideman-Nachalon
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Israel/Palestine Creative Regional Initiatives (IPCRI)
- Abstract:
- "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : A close look at Jewish radical violence
- Topic:
- Violent Extremism, Radicalization, Violence, and Revenge
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
76. "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : Pnina Pfeuffer
- Author:
- Pnina Pfeuffer
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Israel/Palestine Creative Regional Initiatives (IPCRI)
- Abstract:
- "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : A close look at Jewish radical violence
- Topic:
- Violent Extremism, Radicalization, Violence, and Revenge
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
77. "Violence, Revenge and Redemption": Discussion
- Author:
- Natan Odenheimer, Pnina Pfeuffer, Tehila Frideman-Nachalon, and Perle Nicolle
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Israel/Palestine Creative Regional Initiatives (IPCRI)
- Abstract:
- "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : A close look at Jewish radical violence. Moderated by Natan Odenheimer, Journalist, Mandel Scholar, Hebrew University With the participation of: Pnina Pfeuffer, Writer and Head of the Haredi Darkenu Chapter; Tehila Frideman-Nachalon, Senior Fellow at Shaharit and director of "Movilim" at Kolot; Perle Nicolle, PhD Candidate at Hebrew University researching Jewish Radicalism
- Topic:
- Violent Extremism, Radicalization, Violence, and Revenge
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
78. "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : Natan Odenheimer
- Author:
- Natan Odenheimer
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Israel/Palestine Creative Regional Initiatives (IPCRI)
- Abstract:
- "Violence, Revenge and Redemption" : A close look at Jewish radical violence
- Topic:
- Violent Extremism, Radicalization, Violence, and Revenge
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
79. Towards a Continental Strategy for Countering Violent Extremism in Africa
- Author:
- Tarek A. Sharif and Joanne Richards
- Publication Date:
- 12-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Global Peace Operations Review
- Abstract:
- Violent Extremism is now recognized as a growing threat to peace and security in Africa, as exemplified by the recent terrorist attacks in Garissa, Abidjan, and Ouagadougou. While much of the policy discussion on Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) focuses on the return of radicalized foreign fighters to the West, less attention is directed to those foreign fighters who may eventually return from Iraq, Syria, and Libya to other areas of North Africa, the Maghreb, and the Horn of Africa. Tunisia is one of the world’s largest contributors to the Islamic State in terms of foreign fighters, with smaller contributions from Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Sudan and Somalia. Issues concerning the return of foreign fighters to Africa are particularly salient not only because these individuals may return to their communities, but also because they may link up with other extremist armed groups present across the continent. These include groups affiliated to either al-Qaeda or the Islamic State, such as Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, and al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Attempts to counter violent extremism began in Europe in the 1980s with the advent of programs to dissuade and disengage right-wing extremists in Norway, Sweden and Germany. Although no common definition exists, since that time CVE has come to be associated with a range of measures designed to prevent and reverse the radicalization of individuals and groups, and to forestall the participation of these groups and “lone wolves” in acts of terrorism. Given that CVE is preventative and reactive, different CVE strategies are necessary for different stages of the radicalization continuum, including for individuals and communities with no exposure to extremist networks, those with some exposure, and those already radicalized. The latter is often associated with attempts to shift extremists towards acceptance of more moderate ideologies and is known as “deradicalization.” In some ways, CVE is difficult to distinguish from conventional counter-terrorism, which often includes traditional military measures and the sharing of intelligence between nation states. However, because conventional counter-terrorism does not address the root causes prompting radicalization, policy interventions under the rubric of CVE have more recently been designed to focus attention on the grassroots factors, which may render certain individuals more susceptible to radicalization than others. Social exclusion, poverty, and a lack of education are often named as typical contenders in this regard, although CVE practitioners generally acknowledge that no single causal pathway to radicalization can be identified. Reflecting these general trends, this essay charts the development of African Union policy, from its roots in conventional counter-terrorism, to efforts to devise a continental strategy for CVE in Africa. It also outlines a number of policy measures, which any such continental strategy should take into account.
- Topic:
- Security, Violent Extremism, Counter-terrorism, and African Union
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Iraq, Sudan, Middle East, Libya, Syria, Morocco, and Somalia
80. Journal of Advanced Military Studies: International Relations Perspectives
- Author:
- Robert Nalbandov, M.J. Fox, Jacob Stoil, Jonathan Schroden, William Rosenau, Emily Warner, and Rebecca Yagerman
- Publication Date:
- 09-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Advanced Military Studies
- Institution:
- Marine Corps University Press, National Defense University
- Abstract:
- During the planning for this and upcoming issues, the staff of the MCU Journal, under the direction of the new editorial board, continues fine tuning our publication strategies to acquire content that speaks to the larger issues of policy important to the Marine Corps, generally and specifically. This has led us to seek authors who can provide more than just single threads of continuity, but rather to help us craft entire issues that focus on defined topics for deeper-level conversations. To that end, the closing issue of 2016 presents what, on the surface, may appear to be five articles speaking broadly to the concerns of one region, in this case the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Upon further reading, however, the reader will discover that this issue features two distinct sections that illustrate both political science and historical perspectives relevant to the U.S. military Services and the larger Department of Defense community.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Diplomacy, Politics, Terrorism, Violent Extremism, Counter-terrorism, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Middle East, Libya, North Africa, North America, Tunisia, Somalia, and United States of America