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202. America and the Global Energy Challenge
- Author:
- Hal Harvey
- Publication Date:
- 06-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Aspen Institute
- Abstract:
- Energy is at once the lifeblood and the bane of the modern world. Fossil energy has fueled tremendous economic growth over the past 150 years. The economic history of the United States is largely the history of extracting and using coal and oil. At the same time, the profligate use of these energy sources has created the world's most pressing environmental problems, and led to major national security concerns for the United States. Energy consumption is the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions, smog, acid rain, oil spills, and nuclear waste. American dependence on oil from the Middle East forces our hand on foreign policy and imposes high economic and human costs. It is becoming increasingly clear that America's—and the world's—current diet of fossil energy is not sustainable.
- Topic:
- Economics, Environment, Science and Technology, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Middle East
203. Enlarging the European Union: Where does Turkey Stand?
- Author:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Publication Date:
- 01-2002
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- EU decision-making with regard to Turkey is interesting to examine in terms of European integration and enlargement issues. One basic assumption of the paper is that Turkey’s position in the enlargement process cannot be treated as an independent case on its own, but should be evaluated within the larger framework of enlargement. In other words, the EU’s reservations, the role of the EU public towards the process of enlargement, the bargains that will be conducted between member states during enlargement negotiations for all candidate countries affect Turkey’s position in the enlargement process. This is not to say that the EU does not have specific reservations and issues that relate only to the Turkish case, but that the picture is more complicated than a European Union-Turkish bilateral relationship. The factors that are relevant in this picture are the European Union’s policy making mechanisms, the role of public opinion, the EU’s institutional set-up and of course the EU member states’ preferences. This approach therefore differs from previous work on the subject by placing EU-Turkish relations within a multilateral framework of enlargement in general, rather than a binary relationship. Similarly, I have argued elsewhere in a work co-authored with Lauren McLaren, that Turkey’s relations with the European Union should be evaluated within a perspective of the enlargement preferences of EU members and policy making in the European Union. The assumption in that work was that member states’ preferences determine the outcome of bargains in the European Union’s policy of enlargement.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Treaties and Agreements, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
204. Turkey and Europe After the Nice Summit
- Author:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Publication Date:
- 01-2002
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- While European Union attitudes on a possible Turkish accession are the subject of these reflections, the title is taken from President Turgut Özal. He used to tell those close to him that Turkey will either be at the table in Europe as a full member or it will find itself on the menu (Makovsky, 1999, 92). The Turkish perspective encapsulated in both parts of this aphorism also provides a good starting point for West and East Europeans interested in what is at stake.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Treaties and Agreements, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean