Political Geography: Middle East / Topic: Social Services

Author:: Munk School of Global Affairs
Publication Date:: 02-2019
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto
Abstract:: The Reach Project is a research initiative based in the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy and supported by the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth. They examine the successful delivery of social services to those who are hardest to reach. This case study examines how the Ministry of Social Development in Palestine designed, implemented, and continues to refine the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Program (PNCTP) to specifically reach those who are hard to reach.
Topic:: Civil Society, Development, Poverty, Inequality, and Social Services
Political Geography:: Middle East, Israel, and Palestine

Author:: Vaqar Ahmed, Mustafa Talpur, and Sadaf Liaqa
Publication Date:: 06-2016
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:: Pakistan does not currently mobilize sufficient tax revenue to finance essential public services, including healthcare and education, on which the poor rely the most. Consequently, these services remain inadequate, hampering efforts to reduce poverty and address extreme inequalities. Furthermore, the current tax system in Pakistan is seen by many as unfair and inequitable. Two-thirds of tax revenue is mobilized through indirect taxes, which are regressive in nature and unfairly burden those least able to pay them. Against this backdrop, this paper explains the four basic elements necessary for a fair and just tax regime, which, if implemented, would strengthen the domestic revenue base, increase equity and improve overall development outcomes, as the public sector will have more resources at its disposal to spend on human and social well-being.
Topic:: Education, Tax Systems, Fiscal Policy, and Social Services
Political Geography:: Pakistan and Middle East

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