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322. Stemming Israeli Settler Violence at Its Root
- Author:
- International Crisis Group
- Publication Date:
- 09-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Israeli settler attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank are on the rise, with a spike since Israel’s present government took office and another since October 2023. Western countries should use their leverage with Israel – military aid and economic ties – to help curb this growing danger.
- Topic:
- Crime, Human Rights, Violence, Military Aid, and Israeli Settlers
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and West Bank
323. El impacto de la guerra de Gaza en Oriente Medio: Riesgos geopolíticos y escenarios de futuro
- Author:
- Milagros Álvarez-Verdugo and Juan Antonio Martínez-Sánchez
- Publication Date:
- 03-2024
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Fundación Alternativas
- Abstract:
- Los ataques terroristas del 7 de octubre de 2023 representan un game changer en tanto en cuanto han puesto en evidencia que la ocupación indefinida de los territorios palestinos representa una amenaza permanente para la seguridad de Israel. La ofensiva militar contra Hamas ha colocado a la Franja de Gaza ante la mayor catástrofe humanitaria del último siglo y ha desestabilizado el conjunto de Oriente Medio. La inestabilidad se ha contagiado también al Líbano, Siria, Irak o Yemen, donde operan diversos proxies de Irán que han hostigado a las tropas estadounidenses desplegadas en la región y han sido objeto de frecuentes ataques por parte de Israel y EEUU. El 7-O representa, también, un test para la política exterior de la Unión Europea en un periodo delicado en el que se esfuerza por alcanzar una cierta ‘autonomía estratégica’ tras la invasión rusa de Ucrania. En este contexto, el principal riesgo sigue siendo que la guerra contra Gaza se contagie al conjunto de Oriente Medio arrastrando a la región a una conflagración de impredecibles consecuencias que también afectaría de diferentes formas a la Unión Europea y España.
- Topic:
- Security, Geopolitics, October 7, and 2023 Gaza War
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza
324. Desinformación y censura en conflictos internacionales
- Author:
- Vicente Palacio
- Publication Date:
- 04-2024
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Fundación Alternativas
- Abstract:
- El fenómeno de la desinformación no se limita al ámbito de las redes sociales; no es patrimonio únicamente de los regímenes autoritarios y populistas; y no afecta únicamente a la limpieza de los procesos electorales. Si ponemos el foco en el análisis de la información en los conflictos internacionales, debemos tener en cuenta que la desinformación es un fenómeno con varias ramificaciones. El punto de partida de este documento de trabajo es la constatación de que la desinformación, la propaganda y la censura en los conflictos armados representan una amenaza vital para nuestras democracias. Ambas atentan contra el derecho de la ciudadanía a obtener una información veraz, que es la base de las democracias liberales. Para España y para la Unión Europea, que están enfrentando dos grandes conflictos en Ucrania y en Oriente Medio, una información veraz y a tiempo debería ser la base de una democracia sana y también de una política exterior que rinda cuentas a los ciudadanos. Este documento tiene un triple objetivo. Primero, realizar un balance crítico de las respuestas legislativas dadas a nivel europeo frente a la desinformación. Segundo, hacer un repaso de los aspectos más relevantes en ambos conflictos de Ucrania y Gaza. Y tercero, lanzar reflexiones y algunas propuestas para poder combatir mejor la desinformación, la propaganda o la censura en la medida de lo posible, siendo conscientes de que en esa vía podremos alcanzar éxitos parciales, aunque significativ
- Topic:
- Disinformation, Armed Conflict, Censorship, Russia-Ukraine War, and 2023 Gaza War
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Ukraine, Middle East, and Gaza
325. Education and Employment: Critical for Securing Peace for Gypsies in Iraq
- Author:
- Sarah Edgcumbe
- Publication Date:
- 01-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Middle East Research Institute (MERI)
- Abstract:
- Gypsies have been living in both Iraq and the KRI for centuries, contributing to the country’s cultural diversity. Nonetheless, they have occupied a unique social positionality characterised by stigmatisation at all levels of society, including government institutions. Since 2003 in Mosul, and since 2008 in the KRI, there has been an evident reluctance on the part of both governments and NGOs to recognise, and respond to, the humanitarian, development, and protection needs of Gypsy populations. This has rendered Gypsies vulnerable during conflict, displacement, or state fragility. Stigmatisation has also marginalised Gypsy communities, excluding them from public services, support provision or peacebuilding initiatives. The widespread, insidious nature of anti-Gypsy racism and discrimination has enabled the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) to neglect the needs of Gypsy communities in post-conflict Iraq without consequence. This policy paper and comparative analysis briefly examines experiences of conflict, displacement and post-conflict priorities, as narrated by Gypsy communities in Dohuk Municipality and Mosul. Foremost among these priorities are access to a safe environment, good healthcare, and quality education for their children – basic human rights that Gypsy children in neither location are currently able to enjoy adequately. This policy paper urges the Government of Iraq and the KRG to respond to the needs of their Gypsy populations – to facilitate intentional, considered, and long-term assistance and protection which will raise Gypsy communities out of a desperate cycle of poverty, and fully integrate them into society as equals.
- Topic:
- Education, Minorities, Employment, Peace, and Dom People
- Political Geography:
- Iraq and Middle East
326. Ottoman Bureaucrats Educated at The Translation Chamber and Their Effects on The State Administration in Modern Ottoman Diplomacy
- Author:
- Sacide Nur Akkaya
- Publication Date:
- 06-2024
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Novus Orbis: Journal of Politics & International Relations
- Institution:
- Department of International Relations, Karadeniz Technical University
- Abstract:
- In this study, it is aimed to present together the influence of the Ottoman bureaucrats, who were educated in the translation chamber (the institutions where modern Ottoman diplomacy was built) and promoted to important levels of the state, managing the high-level state mechanisms. In the Ottoman Empire, which was governed by the monarchy, the Sultan’s authority was considered the only valid power for centuries. This situation changed during the spread of the Western-centered modernisation process within the empire. In this process, where diplomatic behaviour altered, high-ranking Ottoman bureaucrats began to be very active in state administration, and their authority rose against the power of the sultan. It is important to consider this process in question, together with the important political issues of the period, in terms of giving a clearer meaning to the construction of modern Ottoman diplomacy. In this context, the role of the translation chamber in the formation of modern Ottoman diplomacy will be discussed first, and the political activities and ideological structure of eight statesmen who were educated in this chamber and played important roles in the high level of the state will be discussed within the framework of the important political issues of the period, according to the records in Ottoman archives.
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, Politics, History, Bureaucracy, Modernization, Translation, Ottoman Empire, and Administration
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Middle East
327. Has the Iranian challenge been forgotten?
- Author:
- Efraim Inbar
- Publication Date:
- 04-2024
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- Israel must take seriously Iran’s stated intention to destroy the Jewish state. Iran’s desire to attain nuclear weapons serves its goal of eliminating Israel and its strategy of using its proxies to threaten Israel’s civilian population. All measures taken so far to stop Tehran’s nuclear project have failed, and Israel has no choice but to urgently eliminate this threat by military means.
- Topic:
- Security, Nuclear Weapons, Military Affairs, and Proxy Groups
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Middle East, Israel, and Palestine
328. Towards the end of AKP’s Hegemony in Turkey?
- Author:
- Hay Ertan Cohen Yanarocak
- Publication Date:
- 04-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- The Turkish opposition’s landslide victory in recent municipal elections indicate that with continued tacit Kurdish collaboration with the opposition and given the deteriorating economy and growing desire for change, the next general snap-elections may be far more challenging for President Erdoğan.
- Topic:
- Elections, Economy, Domestic Politics, Kurds, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and AKP
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Middle East
329. Tehran’s Armenian weapons supply route
- Author:
- Alexander Grinberg
- Publication Date:
- 02-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- Armenia is one of several routes used by Iran to smuggle arms to its regional proxies and clients. It also manufactures its own versions of Russian weapons that are used only by these groups and provides them with the knowledge to locally manufacture Iranian arms.
- Topic:
- Weapons, Proxy Groups, and Regional Security
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Middle East, and Armenia
330. Changes in the military deployment of the United States and their implications for Israel’s wars in the region
- Author:
- Eytan Gilboa
- Publication Date:
- 01-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- At the start of the Gaza War, President Biden warned Iran and its proxies against launching an all-out attack on Israel and sent aircraft carriers to the region to clarify his intentions. The withdrawal of the Gerald R. Ford carrier from the Mediterranean could be interpreted as a sign of American weakness, diminish deterrence of Iran, and undermine US mediation efforts in Lebanon.
- Topic:
- Armed Forces, Military Affairs, Deterrence, Regional Security, and 2023 Gaza War
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, Gaza, and United States of America