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112. The Measurement of The Students’ Attitudes Regarding Tax Consciousness: A Case Study
- Author:
- Ufuk Gergerli̇oğlu and Deniz Aytaç
- Publication Date:
- 07-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- AURUM Journal of Social Sciences
- Institution:
- Altinbas University
- Abstract:
- Tax consciousness means to follow the changes in tax legislation and obtain adequate information regarding tax practices. It is not possible to mention tax compliance without having sufficient tax consciousness. Therefore, efforts to increase tax consciousness are important. If attempts start at an early age, it can be beneficial. In this context, this study aims to reveal tax consciousness levels for university students regarding the impact components of tax consciousness. The data was obtained from 385 students who study at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences at Hitit University through questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19. The result of this study demonstrated that 67% of students who participated in the survey believe that education in the family has a substantial role in the improvement of tax consciousness.
- Topic:
- Education, Economy, Tax Systems, and Survey
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
113. A Government Devoid of Strong Leadership: A Neoclassical Realist Explanation of Turkey’s Iraq War Decision in 2003
- Author:
- Samet Yılmaz
- Publication Date:
- 07-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
- Institution:
- Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
- Abstract:
- This study deals with Turkey’s Iraq War Decision that led up to the March 1 Parliamentary Motion Crisis in 2003 from the perspective of neoclassical realism, which analyzes the interaction between systemic and unit-level variables. The United States requested Turkey’s collaboration in the war against Iraq. The Justice and Development Party (AK Party) government initially sought a peaceful settlement but eventually decided to align with the United States. Systemic and structural factors made cooperation with the United States an imperative for Turkey, which may be classified as a secondary state in the regional context. While the domestic political environment was favorable for the Turkish government to reach such a decision, it was hindered by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT). In this framework, the study has two primary purposes. The first is to prove that in restrictive international environments where opportunities and threats are clear and the decision-making process is constrained by time, domestic divisions may matter in foreign policy and prevail over the systemic imperative, contrary to conventional expectations. The second is to demonstrate that in a restrictive international milieu, strong leadership, a factor underappreciated by neoclassical realists, is essential even for single-party governments, which are normally expected to have greater autonomy in democratic parliamentary systems, to formulate foreign policy.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Government, Leadership, Domestic Politics, Iraq War, Political Parties, and Neoclassical Realism
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
114. Exogenous Dynamics and Leadership Traits: A Study of Change in the Personality Traits of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
- Author:
- Ali Balcı and Ibrahim Efe
- Publication Date:
- 07-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
- Institution:
- Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
- Abstract:
- Do leadership attributes change/persist with experience in office, and after a dramatic event? Answers to this agent-structure question represent the main division line between dispositional and situational theorists. While the first posits that leader’s actions are a product of configuration imposed by experience, and traumatic events, the latter focuses on persistent set of beliefs in leaders. This paper aims at testing the role of these two variables, experience, and traumatic event, on the personality of political leaders with a special focus on Recep Tayyip Erdogan. To recover the personality attributes of Erdogan, and measure their resilience or weakness against experience and traumatic events, the paper uses Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA) developed by Margaret Hermann. LTA assumes that leaders’ choice of certain words in public speeches reflects their personality traits, through which they can be compared with other leaders, and even themselves in different roles and times.
- Topic:
- Leadership, Trauma, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Personality, and Trait Analysis
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
115. Access to Data on Children in Turkey: An Evaluation Based on the Urban95 Project Experience
- Author:
- Bürge Elvan Erginli and Gizem Fidan
- Publication Date:
- 03-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- Nowadays, the need for the use of data in developing an accurate, effective and measurable urban policy is being voiced by many local administrations and civil society organizations, and as a matter of fact, some local administrations have already increased their efforts for data production and use. However, organizations face with certain problems in regard to accessing, obtaining and generating systematic data. The purpose of this report is to put forward these problems along with their reasons and to offer solutions by focusing specifically on data regarding early childhood period.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Governance, Children, Urban, and Data
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
116. Data-Driven Strategy Development for Children’s Play in the City
- Author:
- Bora İyiat
- Publication Date:
- 03-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- When we consider which areas in the city children use to explore, socialize and play, the first ones coming to mind are school gardens, parks, green areas and playgrounds that are reserved for them with the intent to support their development. These areas which have an important place in the daily urban life of children are designed and planned by local governments. All urban and green spaces, including playgrounds which are areas created especially for children in the city, should be based on spatial planning and quality factors that include children’s needs and preferences. And planning requires the use of data.
- Topic:
- Governance, Children, Urban, Sustainability, Data, and Urban Planning
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
117. COVID-19 and Data-Driven Urban Resilience Policies
- Author:
- Bahadir Keşan and Ayşe Yetiş Bayraktar
- Publication Date:
- 04-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- The process of COVID-19 pandemic has once again revealed the significance of urban resilience in the face of sudden crises. As the pandemic process has taken longer, urban life has been seriously affected in economic, social and environmental terms; local governments have also begun to develop new policies to restructure the cities so as to adapt to the changes faced. In this brief, Strategy Development Directors of Sultanbeyli and Maltepe Municipalities share their collaboration experience for data driven urban resilience policies during the pandemic.
- Topic:
- Governance, Sustainability, Pandemic, Resilience, COVID-19, and Urban Planning
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
118. Work and Gender in Turkey’s Export-Oriented Agriculture: The Case of Sweet Cherries
- Author:
- Nil Alt
- Publication Date:
- 12-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
- Abstract:
- Situated within this global agri-food context, the purpose of this policy note is to examine the production process for the most prominent high value fruit grown in Turkey, the sweet cherry. This will serve to make problems embedded in relations of production visible. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork of the export-driven sweet cherry sector, conducted between 2018 and 2021 in three different production sites, I will make some suggestions to inform more democratic and equitable social policies.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Women, Exports, and Equity
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
119. The crisis of the Turkish lira: Toward economic collapse or a new economic model?
- Author:
- Al Jazeera Center for Studies
- Publication Date:
- 12-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Al Jazeera Center for Studies
- Abstract:
- As with any economic or fiscal policy, Erdogan is taking a risk, betting that his vision can turn the Turkish economy around. The only problem is that with presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for June 2023, he has just 18 months to prove the efficacy of his policies.
- Topic:
- Economy, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Fiscal Policy, and Currency
- Political Geography:
- Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean
120. Germany-Turkey Relations: It could be worse
- Author:
- Ekrem Eddy Güzeldere
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
- Abstract:
- Germany at the end of 2020 finds itself in an awkward position. It is hailed by President Erdogan as one of the “reasonable countries within the EU” and by Ibrahim Kalin as having “played a remarkably positive role.” Germany has “gained” this esteem because of its mediation efforts between Greece and Turkey concerning the tensions in the East Med and for avoiding harsher EU sanctions. However, concerning the clash between France and Turkey over Islam(ism) and freedom of expression, Germany cannot mediate. Similar confrontations will also occupy Germany for the years to come and the German-Turks, now almost 3 million, will be right in the centre of this confrontation.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Bilateral Relations, Sanctions, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, Germany, and Mediterranean