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2. The Drive Behind Tesla’s New Manufacturing Plant in Mexico
- Author:
- Mateo Crossa and Nina Ebner
- Publication Date:
- 04-2023
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
- Abstract:
- Tesla’s plan to open a Gigafactory in Monterrey is welcomed by local business elites, but will only deepen processes of labor devaluation and technological dependency.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Labor Issues, Business, Manufacturing, Elites, and Tesla
- Political Geography:
- Latin America and Mexico
3. Untangling Elite Opposition to Indigenous Rights in Chile
- Author:
- Kelly Bauer
- Publication Date:
- 12-2022
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
- Abstract:
- Throughout Chile’s constitutional process, right-wing rhetoric has rejected Indigenous recognitions and representation in defense of the status quo.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Constitution, Domestic Politics, Representation, Indigenous, Elites, and Right-Wing Politics
- Political Geography:
- South America, Latin America, and Chile
4. Elite Political Cues and Attitude Formation in Post-Conflict Contexts
- Author:
- Natalia Garbiras-Díaz, Miguel García-Sánchez, and Aila M. Matanock
- Publication Date:
- 07-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Empirical Studies of Conflict Project (ESOC)
- Abstract:
- Citizens are often asked to evaluate peace agreements seeking to end civil conflicts, by voting on referendums or the negotiating leaders or, even when not voting, deciding whether to cooperate with the implementation of policies like combatant reintegration. In this paper, we assess how citizens form attitudes towards the provisions in peace agreements. These contexts tend to have high polarization, and citizens are asked to weigh in on complex policies, so we theorize that citizens will use cues from political elites with whom they have affinity, and, without these cues, information will have less effect. We assess our theory using survey experiments in Colombia. We find citizens rely on political elites’ cues to form their opinion on a peace agreement’s provisions, with the direction depending on the citizen’s affinity with the political elites. Additional information about these policies has little effect. The paper suggests that even these high stakes decisions can be seen as political decisions as usual.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Peace Studies, Treaties and Agreements, Citizenship, Conflict, Peace, and Elites
- Political Geography:
- Colombia and Latin America
5. Free trade agreements and regional alliances: support from Latin American legislators
- Author:
- Asbel Bohigues and José Manuel Rivas
- Publication Date:
- 12-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- The creation of international organizations and the signature of free trade agreements have become common in Latin America. However, few studies have tackled the attitudes of political elites. This work aims to analyze the determinants of support by Latin American legislators for free trade agreements with the US and the EU, and for the Pacific Alliance and ALBA. Results show that ideology, pro-state/market positions, and trustworthiness vis-à-vis Chinese and Russian governments are the main predictors.
- Topic:
- Treaties and Agreements, Free Trade, and Elites
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
6. Repensando la gobernanza y el desarrollo económico local desde Colombia: Informalidad, élites y diversidad
- Author:
- Sergio Montero, Tobias Franz, and Miller Choles
- Publication Date:
- 10-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre Desarrollo (CIDER), Universidad de los Andes
- Abstract:
- Durante la mayor parte del siglo XX, el contexto económico y político en Colombia ha sido caracterizado por políticas de desarrollo regional implementadas de modo jerárquico y vertical por parte del gobierno nacional. Sin embargo, durante las últimas décadas de descentralización, democratización y neoliberalización del Estado en Colombia han surgido nuevas formas de pensar cómo se gobierna y planea el desarrollo de los territorios. En este contexto, el concepto de gobernanza, basado en la idea de que las decisiones de gobierno y política pública deben hacerse a través de redes y asociaciones horizontales entre actores del gobierno, del sector privado y de la sociedad civil, se ha generalizado y expandido a gran velocidad por el país. Hoy en día, no sólo en Colombia sino en toda América Latina, difícilmente podemos encontrar unas guías sobre desarrollo territorial que no incluyan los procesos participativos, la planificación estratégica o las asociaciones público-privadas (APP) como instrumentos deseables en el diseño, planeación e implementación de políticas públicas de desarrollo económico local y regional. La idea de gobernanza es útil para ir más allá de dicotomías como Estado vs. sociedad, o público vs. privado que, por mucho tiempo, han dominado los estudios de gobierno y desarrollo. No obstante, es importante también entender cómo la mezcla de las nuevas herramientas de la gobernanza y las dinámicas institucionales propias de Colombia hace que las relaciones, supuestamente horizontales, de la gobernanza y sus beneficios para el desarrollo local no sean tan fáciles de alcanzar e implementar en la práctica.
- Topic:
- Governance, Partnerships, Diversity, Diversification, Economic Development, and Elites
- Political Geography:
- Colombia and Latin America
7. The Role of Business Elites in Sustainable Development
- Author:
- Julián Cárdenas
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Postgraduate Program on Sustainable Development and Social Inequalities in the Andean Region (trAndeS)
- Abstract:
- Research on the conjunction of business elites and sustainable development fascinates practitioners and international organizations but faces methodological and data collection challenges within academia. Firstly, studies on corporate sustainability have promptly increased but have been extremely focused on an organizational level of analysis, which inhibits figuring out whether business decisions have an impact at the macro or societal level. Secondly, major policy recommendations on sustainable development point to the creation of networks and partnerships among business elites, governments and civil organizations but it is largely ignored which specific type of network configuration goes along with sustainable development. Thirdly, the literature on sustainable development often considered business elites as homogenous and concentrated, even though conflicting views exist regarding aspects of sustainable development. Finally, the influence of business elites on environmental, social and economic policies has been more supposed than empirically demonstrated. Past research has been unable to overcome these challenges in part due to insufficient data clarifying the full breadth of business elite connections with political and civil organizations nationally and transnationally, and the lack of a combination of analytical tools for analyzing multilevel characteristics and actions. The present paper proposes a research agenda to comprehend the role of business elites in sustainable development. Future studies should use network analysis as leverage, uncover the networks among business and political elites, focus on Latin American economies and regions, bypass case studies and develop cross-national and transnational analysis, and turn to a combination of causal methods.
- Topic:
- Sustainable Development Goals, Research, Business, Elites, and Network Analysis
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
8. Postmaterialism and Political Elites: The Value Priorities of Brazilian Federal Legislators
- Author:
- Malu A.C. Gatto and Timothy J. Power
- Publication Date:
- 04-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Institution:
- German Institute of Global and Area Studies
- Abstract:
- We examine the distribution and consequences of postmaterialist value orientations among national legislators in Brazil. Using data collected in the Brazilian Legislative Survey in 2013, we undertake the first systematic study of postmaterialism within the National Congress and the party system and map the materialist/postmaterialist scale onto other salient divisions within the political class. We present five main findings. First, political elites evince vastly higher commitment to postmaterialism than the mass public. Second, Brazilian political elites drawn from constituencies with higher human development are more postmaterialist than their counterparts in other constituencies. Third, within the political class, the materialist/post- materialist cleavage overlaps in important ways with the left–right cleavage. Fourth, although postmaterialism successfully predicts elite attitudes on a number of “new politics” issues that are unrelated to the construction of the postmaterialist scale itself, postmaterialism is a poor predictor of voting behavior on the Congressional floor. Fifth, as others before us, we find institutional factors to be better predictors of legislative voting behavior in the Brazilian context.
- Topic:
- Legislation, Elites, Postmaterialism, and Political Class
- Political Geography:
- Brazil, South America, and Latin America
9. Latin America's Slow Pace in the 21st Century
- Author:
- Amado Cervo
- Publication Date:
- 06-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy International Relations
- Institution:
- Postgraduate Program in International Strategic Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Abstract:
- The last decade of the 20th century was characterized by two deep changes in Latin American countries. The old developmental paradigm, worn, gave place to the neoliberal paradigm, embraced by Latin American elites and societies. By reaching the 21st century, the region is going through a new paradigmatic change: the exhaustion, after a decade, of the neoliberal dynamics, and the immersion into the search for another destiny.
- Topic:
- Development, Neoliberalism, and Elites
- Political Geography:
- South America, Latin America, and North America
10. Did the Mexican Revolution Change the Privilees of The Elite or Not? The Relationship between the Government and the Media
- Author:
- Juan Enrique Huerta Wong
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of International Development, McGill University (ISID)
- Abstract:
- The investigation in education and its role in social stratification has been the focus of attention in the sociology literature for a number of decades now. However, very little is known as to what takes place in Latin America. The supposed point of departure to study education and its role in social stratification is that education should act to break the inertias between origins and destinies. This article has asked the question whether education is a factor that contributes to break the cycle of persistent inequality in Mexico, and also if this is a form to evaluate the achievements of the social contract that came out of the Mexican Revolution, which this year, 2010, celebrates its century of existence. This is so because one of the main objectives of the revolution was to cut down the privileges of the dominant class, and along with it, the intergenerational transmission of wealth that perpetuates inequality. Two models of structural equations were compared to evaluate the relationship between wealth in the home of origin, the schooling of the parents, childhood academic achievement, the final schooling of the ego, and its economic wellbeing. The results show that there are statistical differences between the cases of Mexico and Chile in terms of the process of stratification. In Mexico, the wealth of the home of origin and the childhood academic achievement are the variables that best explain both the final level of schooling as well as the socioeconomic wellbeing of ego. In Chile, education functions as a variable that interrupts the weight of the inter-generational legacy. It is discussed then that the State in Mexico has failed in providing an educational system that can break the inertia of the association between origins and destinies, and the implications of the importance of childhood academic achievement, which calls upon keeping children in their classrooms, at least for the time period that the law mandates.
- Topic:
- Education, History, Elites, and Social Mobility
- Political Geography:
- South America, Latin America, Mexico, and Chile