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732. War of Necessity, War of Choice: A Memoir of Two Iraq Wars
- Author:
- T. X. Hammes
- Publication Date:
- 06-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- PRISM
- Institution:
- Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS), National Defense University
- Abstract:
- In his introduction to this new edition of War of Necessity, War of Choice, Richard Haass states that the "book's core is a distinction with a difference. There are wars of necessity and wars of choice. Confusing the two runs the danger of ill-advised decisions to go to war." He might have added "or to continue a war."
- Topic:
- War
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, United States, and Iran
733. Türkiye'nin İran Politikası 2010
- Author:
- Kemal İnat
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- Turkey's relations with its Eastern neighbor Iran have constituted a larger portion in Ankara's foreign policy agenda, comparing to recent years. Turkey's increasing efforts in helping to resolve Iran's nuclear problems by peaceful means have caused enormous effects in Ankara's relations with Western countries. Against the opposition by the USA and other Western states Turkey has tried, by mediating, to avoid the problem to turn into conflict. Turkey's foreign policy objectives such as 'zero problems with neighbors' and 'resolving conflicts by increasing interdependency', were also in place in its policies vis-à-vis Iran. In addition to that, Ankara has put particular emphasis on increasing economic ties with Iran in 2010.
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iran, Turkey, and Tehran
734. İran 2010
- Author:
- Cenap Çakmak
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- The events in 2010 have confirmed that there are certain barriers before Iran to become a regional power and attain some of its foreign policy ambitions. Above all, Iran which has shown determination to preserve its nuclear program failed to fulfill some of its goals despite its carefully crafted policies. Despite some moves it took, Iran was unable to convince its opponents. As a consequence, it had to face concrete sanctions. The 2010 events also gave some hints that its domestic dynamics are equally important for its survival and attainment of its goals. The growing disgruntlement against the regime, the demands for change and pledges for further freedom cannot be repressed by reliance on violent measures. A growing number of people and groups ask for expansion of the sphere of freedoms and resist the threat and repression of the regime. The US considers the transformative impact of these domestic dynamics; and for this reason, for the time being, it keeps military measures out of the table.
- Political Geography:
- United States and Iran
735. Lübnan 2010
- Author:
- Filiz Cicioğlu
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- Lebanon, one of the most problematic countries in the Middle East for many years, has spent the year 2010 as more active foreign policy compared the previous years. After the parliamentary elections in 2009 and the establishment of the government, domestic political stability has been somewhat secured. The most important subject of the do-mestic agenda was the expectation of the decision of Special Tribunal for Lebanon. Although the decision was not made in 2010, this issue was one of the most debated issues among both groups within the country and their supporters abroad. The new government headed by Saad Hariri who tried to follow an active foreign policy has continued its efforts to establish close relations with regional countries. In this context the relations between Turkey and Lebanon is important. In 2010 besides Turkey, Iran emerged as an important partner. Another important development in foreign policy was warming relations with Syria. In addition to this, the visit of President Bashar al-Assad and Sau-di King Abdullah was a significant foreign policy development in 2010. Turkey, Syria and Jordan, Lebanon initiated an integration process. In Israeli border, a conflict has occurred in 2010, but the event has been stopped before getting greater.
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Turkey, Middle East, Lebanon, and Syria
736. Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri 2010
- Author:
- Cengiz Dinç
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, fosil yakıtlarca zengin, ekonomisini çeşitlendirmek için turizm, ticaret ve lojistik gibi sektörlere önem veren büyük bir ekonomiye sahiptir. 2010 yılında 2009'da Dubai'de patlak veren ekonomik krizin yaraları sarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Güvenlik alanında şu anda en büyük tehdit olarak algılanan İran'a karşı diğer KİK üyeleri gibi Batı güvenlik şemsiyesi altına girilmektedir. BAE, hem küresel terörizmle mücadelede ABD'ye yardımla, hem de Afganistan, Pakistan ve Filistin gibi ülkelerdeki kalkınma yardımları konusunda da oldukça aktiftir.
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran
737. Umman 2010
- Author:
- Rıdvan Kalaycı
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- There is scarcely any opposition to Sultan Qaboos bin Said in Oman which has provided internal balance and with the influence of underpopulation enabled social peace within the country. Said, who has contributed a lot to the development of the country, is a beloved leader among the public. The year 2010 is significant for Said who came to power in 1970 since it is the 40th anniversary of being king of Oman. Therefore, that year many festivals and various celebrations took place. The excitement of 40th anniversary festivals among people doubled when the 2nd Asian Beach Games were held in Muscat. On the other hand, Muscat governance that tried to realize sustainable economic growth by means of creating economic variety, in other words, that tried to actualize the policies reducing dependence to petroleum and natural gas, also set 'fight against inflation' within their primary aims. Besides, Muscat governance was attentive to carry out balance policy Sultan Qaboos has been implementing for years and as a result of this policy, took an active role in releasing US citizen Sarah Shourd, who was captured by Iran.
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iran, Oman, and Muscat
738. Katar 2010
- Author:
- Ensar Muslu
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- Qatar, with its economic power to enhance its diplomatic activities in various ways, aided many countries and communities, predominantly those in Africa in 2010, initiated various mediation activities and hosted cultural organizations. Qatar, which has hosted various sport activities, became entitled to host a significant sport organization. Al Jazeera satellite channel is the most significant tool of the soft power of Qatar. In 2010, its relations with Iran, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Bahrain, and the United Kingdom were intense. Among them, the two powerful states of the region, Iran and Turkey, occupied the agenda. While the main agenda item of its relations with Iran was the possible American intervention, developments in economic relations principally constituted the relations with Turkey. Qatar has become one of the important economic actors thanks to its oil and natural gas revenues. Its economic activities cover investments in oil and natural gas drilling and plants; and also utilization of revenues received from these fields in other areas. Qatar founded some petrochemical plants and got into financial partnerships by buying shares of international banks in 2010. Many infrastructure and construction projects were prepared and some of them began to be carried out.
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United Kingdom, Iran, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Bahrain, and Qatar
739. İran'da Siyasî Düzen Eleştirisi: Muhammed Müçtehid Şebisterî Örneği
- Author:
- Muammer İskenderoğlu
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- The relation between religion and politics has always been an important issue of debate among the intellectuals and religious scholars of Iran and the Iranian revolution contributed to the discussion of this issue in both theoretical and practical level. In today's Iran, by harmonizing the Shiite theory of imamate with modern democracy a kind of political system is created which does not seem to be traditional, nor does it look like any modern political system. It has a constitution in which there are articles on issues that defines the structure of the institutions of modern state and their functions, rights of citizens and the responsibilities of the state towards them. But these rights are interpreted by the traditional scholars in such a way that in reality made these concepts meaningless. As a reformist scholar, Shabestari criticizes this interpretation of the traditional scholars which is in fact based on their reading of religion. For Shabestari, concepts such as human rights, democracy, tolerance, civil society and constitution are concepts that emerged in modern times and it is difficult to find them in traditional Islam. He claims that rationalization of political system and accepting these concepts with their commonly defined meanings that are compatible with the values of modern world is the only solution for the well-being of the political system of Iran as well as fort the system of other countries of the Islamic world.
- Topic:
- Politics and Religion
- Political Geography:
- Iran
740. Is a Regional Strategy Viable in Afghanistan?
- Author:
- Ashley J. Tellis, Martha Brill Olcott, Dmitri V. Trenin, Frédéric Grare, Jessica Tuchman Mathews, Christopher Boucek, Gilles Dorronsoro, Karim Sadjadpour, Michael D. Swaine, Aroop Mukharji, Haroun Mir, Gautam Mukhopadhaya, and Tiffany Ng
- Publication Date:
- 05-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- The Obama administration has made some decisive changes to the Afghan policy it inherited. Most significantly, in its first year it committed to a 250 percent increase in the American force on the ground (adding 51,000 troops to the 34,000 in Afghanistan when Mr. Obama took office) and lobbied hard to secure increases in non–U.S. coalition forces. It matched this large increase in force with a major reduction in the goal: from raising a democratic state in Afghanistan to the creation of a state strong enough to prevent a takeover by the Taliban, al–Qaeda, or any other radical Islamic group; and to “disrupt, dismantle, and defeat” al–Qaeda (which, of course, is not achievable in Afghanistan or Afghanistan and Pakistan alone). The third pillar of the policy was and is a greater emphasis on the need for a regional approach, a belief the Bush administration moved toward in its closing days.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Religion, Terrorism, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia, Iran, and India