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102. The Long Road to Economic Transformation in the Gulf
- Author:
- Nader Kabbani
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cairo Review of Global Affairs
- Institution:
- School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
- Abstract:
- To successfully reinvent their economies, Gulf states must move past the deadweight of legacy policies and their adverse consequences.
- Topic:
- Economics, Governance, Economic Growth, and Legal Theory
- Political Geography:
- Gulf Nations
103. Iran and the GCC: Prospects for a Grand Reconciliation
- Author:
- Sharmine Narwani
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cairo Review of Global Affairs
- Institution:
- School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
- Abstract:
- To realize shared priorities and fulfill the Persian Gulf’s potential as a global cornerstone for energy and trade, hardline Gulf states must acquiesce to waning U.S. hegemony and pursue reconciliation with Iran.
- Topic:
- Security, Energy Policy, Globalization, International Trade and Finance, Hegemony, and Reconciliation
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Middle East, North America, United States of America, and Gulf Nations
104. The UAE Art Scene: Challenges and Opportunities
- Author:
- Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cairo Review of Global Affairs
- Institution:
- School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
- Abstract:
- Sustainability and longevity of a thriving cultural sector in the Gulf must be treated as a priority, which is why long-term planning is essential in order to ensure the ability of the art field to meet with both current and future challenges.
- Topic:
- Development, Arts, Culture, and Cultural Diplomacy
- Political Geography:
- United Arab Emirates and Gulf Nations
105. The Hazm Brigades
- Author:
- Raed Khelifi
- Publication Date:
- 08-2021
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
- Abstract:
- This series maps the activity of little-known military brigades and armed groups proliferating throughout the conflict in Yemen. Mapping these actors has become relevant for understanding future trajectories of violence in Yemen as some of them have developed significant combat capabilities with shifting allegiances. While some follow their own interests, others have clear allegiances to the internationally recognized government or the Southern Transitional Council. As with actors in other conflict scenarios, such allegiances are, however, never set in stone. Rather, allegiances are a fluid process, shifting due to changes of outside circumstances (e.g. the behavior of a patron) or battlefield victories. In order to be better prepared for these changes, this series maps the activity of such military brigades and armed groups — some of them have become relevant already, while others may see their turn towards increased relevance in the future.
- Topic:
- Non State Actors, Armed Forces, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Yemen and Gulf Nations
106. The Myth of Stability: Infighting and Repression in Houthi-Controlled Territories
- Author:
- Andrea Carboni
- Publication Date:
- 02-2021
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
- Abstract:
- Six years after the coup that ousted President Abdrabbu Mansour Hadi and his government, the Houthi movement, otherwise known as Ansarallah, has strengthened its grip on northern Yemen. It currently rules over approximately 70% of the country’s population, and in 2020 mounted new military offensives in Al Jawf, Marib and Hodeidah. Domestically, the group has suppressed dissent and won complete control of what is left of the Yemeni state, appointing loyalists in civilian and military bodies and transferring powers from government institutions to a shadowy network of Houthi supervisors. A pervasive security apparatus, built on the ashes of Ali Abdullah Saleh-era intelligence bodies (UN Panel of Experts, 27 January 2020: 9), has focused on protecting the Houthi regime and monitoring the movements of suspected enemies, including humanitarian organizations. Among the successes boasted by Houthi officials is the restoration of security and stability in Houthi-controlled regions, which they contrast with the mayhem plaguing the areas under the authority of the internationally recognized government and allied coalition forces (Yemen Press Agency, 21 December 2019; Al Masirah, 21 July 2020; Ansarollah, 2 January 2021).
- Topic:
- Conflict, Violence, Repression, Houthis, and Infighting
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Yemen, and Gulf Nations
107. Whither the Arabs: The end of the welfare state and the start of a journey into the unknown
- Author:
- Hani K. Findakly and Kevin A. Findakly
- Publication Date:
- 08-2021
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Arab countries, rich and poor, large and small, are rapidly approaching a moment of reckoning. A confluence of anachronistic governance, economic mismanagement, and disruptive technology, which has changed the dynamics of both the supply and demand for hydrocarbon fuels and raw materials, is pushing the region to a tipping point. Together, these factors spell an end of the welfare state and an irreversible break in the social compact that has been in place for the past five decades. The COVID-19 pandemic is merely the canary in the coal mine that serves to expose the region’s problems and inject further uncertainty into its economic future. Neither future instability nor secular stagnation are foreordained for the region. In a new Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative report, “Whither the Arabs: The End of the Welfare State and the Start of a Journey into the Unknown,” Dr. Hani K. Findakly and Mr. Kevin A. Findakly argue that a positive outcome is predicated on adopting a cogent new social compact with a strategy for an inclusive political, social, and economic system. The authors go on to outline three possible scenarios for the future of the region.
- Topic:
- Economy, Business, COVID-19, and Welfare State
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Gulf Nations
108. Arab Gulf States and the Situation in Afghanistan
- Author:
- Sara Nowacka
- Publication Date:
- 09-2021
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Polish Institute of International Affairs
- Abstract:
- Arab state authorities are refraining from making unequivocal declarations about the future of relations with Afghanistan after the Taliban took power. The priority of the Arab leadership in the Persian Gulf will be to prevent the destabilisation of Afghanistan and to influence the Afghan government policy towards terrorist organisations. Given the convergence of EU and Arab state goals related to countering the threat of terrorism in the country, the Union could include them in the announced regional platform for cooperation on Afghanistan.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Terrorism, Taliban, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, South Asia, Middle East, and Gulf Nations
109. Beijing’s Long Way to the Gulf Region Oil, Security, Geopolitics
- Author:
- Fuad Shahbazov
- Publication Date:
- 04-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Baku Dialogues
- Institution:
- ADA University
- Abstract:
- Energy cooperation has been a key aspect of growing bilateral cooperation between China and the Arab states of the Gulf region for the past several years. Since 1996, China has become a net importer of crude oil and, as the second‑largest energy consumer in the world after the United States, is now the third‑largest importer of oil after the United States and Japan. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise that China is eying a deep and strategic partnership with the states of a region that sits on top of the world’s largest proven crude oil and natural gas reserves. The deepening political and economic cooperation between China and the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has received increasing attention from the region’s more established strategic players: foremost the United States, but also the UK as well as the EU and some of its member states. Indeed, the region’s apparent geopolitical challenges— such as the American withdrawal from the Middle East, the escalation of sectarian wars in the region, the outbreak and development of the Syrian conflict followed by the spread of Islamic radicalism and similar threats—have encouraged the Arab states in the Gulf (as well as Iran) to look more to the East for new reliable partners. This has provided China with an opportunity to obtain a foothold in the region, which sits adjacent to the Silk Road region and is therefore of significant and lasting interest to readers of Baku Dialogues. With the rapid growth of its economy and consequent heightened energy demands, China is viewed as a potential investor by the oil rich GCC states, each of which needs to diversify its economy. Ongoing Western sanctions directed against Iran also make China an attractive proposition for Tehran. Although the Chinese interest in, and policy towards, the region is increasingly complex, this new axis between the Gulf region (especially the Arab half) and China has not received much attention from the think tank and academic communities—at least in the West.
- Topic:
- Security, International Cooperation, International Trade and Finance, Oil, Natural Resources, Hegemony, and Energy
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia, and Gulf Nations
110. The Impact of the War on Yemen’s Justice System
- Author:
- Mohammed Alshuwaiter
- Publication Date:
- 11-2021
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Public International Law Policy Group
- Abstract:
- PILPG partnered with DeepRoot Consulting to assess the impact of the war on Yemen’s justice system through data collection in six governorates April and June 2021, resulting in the International Legal Assistance Consortium Report “The impact of the war on Yemen’s Justice System.” The report identifies key impacts of the war on Yemen’s justice system, covering both formal and informal justice processes and institutions in six governorates—Aden, Hadhramout, Ibb, Marib, Sana’a, and Taiz. Yemen’s war has led to an ever-changing landscape of military and political control over certain areas, fragmenting Yemen’s justice system amongst the authorities in control. Alongside fragmentation of justice institutions, new local actors have emerged to take on informal roles in the delivery of justice where the state is effectively absent, the war solidifying their position of power over local communities. Over six years of war and subsequent instability throughout the country have increased challenges to the rule of law and delivery of impartial justice throughout Yemen, while legal needs of Yemenis, and in particular IDPs, are rising.
- Topic:
- War, Governance, Conflict, and Justice
- Political Geography:
- Yemen and Gulf Nations