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12. Drug Policy and Deprivation of Liberty
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 06-2019
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- This paper shows how the deprivation of liberty for non-violent drug crimes is a wrong and ineffective response, notably because it does not take into account the social and psychological root causes of drug consumption, nor does it consider the economic and social marginalization of low-level actors in the trade. Furthermore, people who are incarcerated are vulnerable, exposed to risks, particularly health risks, for which they are not well-equipped and do not receive adequate care. In this report, members of the Global Commission on Drug Policy analyze the last thirty years of over incarceration in closed settings, from prisons to migrant administrative detention and from mandatory treatment to private rehabilitation centers. The paper highlights the responsibility of the State towards people who are incarcerated, and demonstrates how their health and well-being are at risk.
- Topic:
- Law Enforcement, Prisons/Penal Systems, Public Policy, Drugs, and Incarceration
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
13. Regulation: The Responsible Control of Drugs
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- This new report provides a practical roadmap that tackles the real implications and recognizes the difficulties of transitioning from illegal to legally regulated drug markets. It offers concrete answers regarding the organizational capacity of state institutions to regulate and control a legal market of potentially dangerous products. It highlights the challenges facing impoverished populations that constitute the “working class” of the illegal drug markets. It offers possible ways forward to deal with the risks inherent to the resilience of organized crime. Finally, this report calls for a reform of the prohibition-based international drug control system, which is compromising a universal and holistic approach to the “drug problem.”
- Topic:
- Crime, Health, War on Drugs, Drugs, and Public Health
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
14. New Psychoactive Substances: Challenges for Law Enforcement Agencies and the Law
- Author:
- Kalliroi Ziavrou
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies
- Abstract:
- New psychoactive substances (NPS) present a new global phenomenon in the drug market. This phenomenon is characterized by the emergence of a significant number of new substances every year that are not controlled under international drug control conventions, which means that their trafficking is legal. These substances are designed to mimic traditional illicit drugs and may cause severe adverse health effects.Over the last few years, the unprecedented rate of NPS proliferation has resulted in significant risk to public health; the numbers of people who become sick or addicted as well as the number of fatalities are consistently growing at an alarming pace. With the aid of the internet, new psychoactive substances are spreading at such a rapid rate that law enforcement agencies cannot respond quickly enough when it comes to identifying and regulating these substances. This paper will address the NPS phenomenon, presenting why the issue is generating increased interest worldwide and how it has provoked new challenges for law enforcement agencies (LEA) and policymakers. Beginning with a presentation of the current NPS crisis, this paper will demonstrate how illicit networks have managed to flood the drug market with NPS and examine the emerging issues for the involved communities and countries, legislative and judicial communities, and populations worldwide. Finally, it will discuss current governmental responses and containment measures and offer suggestions on how to counter the challenge using a holistic approach.
- Topic:
- Law Enforcement, Internet, Drugs, and Public Health
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15. Wildlife and Drug Trafficking, Terrorism, and Human Security
- Author:
- Vanda Felbab-Brown
- Publication Date:
- 11-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- PRISM
- Institution:
- Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS), National Defense University
- Abstract:
- Analysis of the wildlife-trafficking-militancy-nexus are often shrouded in unproven assumptions and myths. Crucially, they divert attention from several uncomfortable truths with profound policy implications: First is that the nexus of militancy in wildlife trafficking constitutes only a sliver of the global wildlife trade and countering it will not resolve the global poaching crisis. Second, counterterrorism and counterinsurgency forces, even recipients of international assistance, also poach and smuggle wildlife and use anti-poaching and counterterrorism efforts as covers for displacement of local populations and land grabbing. Third, corruption among government officials, agencies, and rangers has far more profound effects on the extent of poaching and wildlife trafficking. And finally, local communities are often willing participants in the global illegal wildlife trade.
- Topic:
- Environment, Narcotics Trafficking, Drugs, Illegal Trade, and Wildlife
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
16. Drug Policy and the Sustainable Development Agenda
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 10-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030 are meant to be a transformational agenda to eradicate poverty, achieve gender equity or save the planet through their implementation. This implementation, based on coherent public policies, is still lacking at the national, regional and international levels. This is most visible in drug policy, where voices from health, human rights and science call for reform, while most countries continue to privilege ideology through law-enforcement and militarization. The members of the Global Commission on Drug Policy draw from their experience at the highest policy and political levels to provide an analysis of how - beyond powerful words and slogans - sustainable development is impeded by drug control while providing a single, forceful recommendation to address this situation.
- Topic:
- Reform, Sustainable Development Goals, Public Policy, and Drugs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
17. The World Drug PERCEPTION Problem: Countering Prejudices About People Who Use Drugs
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- Drug policy reforms have been difficult to design, legislate or implement because current policies and responses are often based on perceptions and passionate beliefs, and what should be factual discussions leading to effective policies are frequently treated as moral debates. The present report aims to analyze the most common perceptions and fears, contrast them with available evidence on drugs and the people who use them, and provides recommendations on changes that must be enacted to support reforms toward more effective drug policies.
- Topic:
- Crime, Health, War on Drugs, Drugs, Public Health, and Criminology
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
18. Paying for Prescription Drugs Around the World: Why Is the U.S. an Outlier?
- Author:
- Shawn Bishop, David Squires, and Dana O. Sarnak
- Publication Date:
- 10-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Commonwealth Fund
- Abstract:
- arious factors contribute to high per capita drug spending in the U.S. While drug utilization appears to be similar in the U.S. and the nine other countries considered, the prices at which drugs are sold in the U.S. are substantially higher. These price differences appear to at least partly explain current and historical disparities in spending on pharmaceutical drugs. U.S. consumers face particularly high out-of-pocket costs, both because the U.S. has a large uninsured population and because cost-sharing requirements for those with coverage are more burdensome than in other countries. Most Americans support reducing pharmaceutical costs. International experience demonstrates that policies like universal health coverage, insurance benefit design that restricts out-of-pocket spending, and certain price control strategies, like centralized price negotiations, can be effective.
- Topic:
- Health, Health Care Policy, and Drugs
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Global Focus
19. Advancing Drug Policy Reform: a new approach to decriminalization
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 07-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- Building on current partial decriminalization models that have helped to achieve more effective drug policies and positive outcomes, with a greater emphasis on justice, dignity and human rights, this report advocates ending all penalties – both civil and criminal – on people who use drugs. Detailing the destructive and harmful consequences of punitive drug policies and the need to reconsider them, the report calls for the implementation of alternatives to punishment for all low-level, non-violent actors in the drug trade, and to consider market regulation as the next logical step.
- Topic:
- Health, War on Drugs, Drugs, Public Health, and Criminology
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
20. Why Does The International Drug-Control System Fail?
- Author:
- Behsat Ekici
- Publication Date:
- 07-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
- Institution:
- Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
- Abstract:
- The international community has been building a drug-control system for over a century. The UN-led initiatives drafted very detailed conventions, political declarations, and plans of action. International institutions and governments have been allocating vast resources for national, regional, and global counter narcotics initiatives. Law-enforcement agents, judicial officers, diplomats, and demand-reduction experts devote enormous efforts to global drug-control efforts. However, the latest field studies clearly indicate that the global war on drugs has been lost on virtually every front. Drug consumption and drugrelated deaths have increased over the past three decades. Every year, many new psychoactive substances appear on the market. Precursor chemicals are not efficiently controlled. The drug supply consistently shifts to areas where law enforcement is weak and corrupt. Drug money has allowed the dark networks to exert an increasing influence on the governments in Latin America, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and West Africa. The drug trade undermines global security by financing terrorism and insurgency. In this context, the United Nations’ goal of a “drug-free world” is far from being reached. This paper provides an insight as to why the international efforts to control the drug supply, drug demand, and drug-driven money have failed dramatically.
- Topic:
- Crime, United Nations, Narcotics Trafficking, International Community, Drugs, and International Crime
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
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