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1. Digital Data and Advanced AI for Richer Global Intelligence

Author:
Danielle Goldfarb
Publication Date:
02-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
Abstract:
From collecting millions of online price data to measure inflation, to assessing the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low-income workers, digital data sets can be used to benefit the public interest. Using these and other examples, this special report explores how digital data sets and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can provide timely, transparent and detailed insights into global challenges. These experiments illustrate how governments and civil society analysts can reuse digital data to spot emerging problems, analyze specific group impacts, complement traditional metrics or verify data that may be manipulated. AI and data governance should extend beyond addressing harms. International institutions and governments need to actively steward digital data and AI tools to support a step change in our understanding of society’s biggest challenges.
Topic:
Economics, Inflation, Artificial Intelligence, and Data
Political Geography:
Global Focus

2. Foreign Direct Investment, Brand Value, and Economic Performance: A Multinational Analysis

Author:
Tuba Yıldız, Ünal Arslan, Zeynep Ökten, Yıldız Sağlam Çelıköz, and Hale Kırmızıoğlu
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Istanbul Journal of Economics
Institution:
Istanbul University Faculty of Economics
Abstract:
The visibility and dependability of multinational corporations’ products increase with the fact that they introduce their goods to markets in other nations through foreign direct investments. The method for presenting products to international markets through foreign direct investments reveals the product’s reputation and therefore the brand’s development value. This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investments and brand value in Australia, Canada, China, France, India, Japan, Spain, the USA, and the UK for the period 2007-2023. The majority of studies in the literature attempt to explain the impact of brand value on foreign direct investments. However, very few studies explain the impac foreign direct investments on brand value and 1st generation unit root tests were generally used. Unlike existing studies, In this study, the second-generation unit root test, Durbin-Hausman cointegration, and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimation methods were used. As a result, it is anticipated that this study will contribute to the literature in this regard. The findings show that increases in foreign direct investments boost brand value.
Topic:
Economics, Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Corporations, Data, and Branding
Political Geography:
Japan, China, United Kingdom, Canada, India, France, Spain, Australia, Global Focus, and United States of America

3. Determinants of Air Transport in the BRICS-T Countries: Findings from Panel Data Analysis

Author:
Şevket Pazarcı, Emre Kılıç, Asım Kar, and Sıla Kale
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Istanbul Journal of Economics
Institution:
Istanbul University Faculty of Economics
Abstract:
This paper examines the factors that determine air transport in the BRICS countries, which account for approximately 42% of the world’s population and occupy an important position among developing countries in terms of economic size. In more detail, in this study, air transport examines two different models, passenger and freight transport. The research is carried out for the period 1996-2020. Panel data methods were used as analysis methods. According to the results of the analysis, both air passenger transport and air freight transport act together with their macroeconomic and socioeconomic determinants in the long term. Income is positive and significant in the air passenger transportation model, while income is insignificant in the freight transportation model. In addition, inflation, exchange rate, industrialisation and urbanisation on a country basis are important determinants of both air passenger transport and air freight transport for BRICS-T.
Topic:
Economics, Transportation, Data, and BRICS
Political Geography:
Global Focus

4. Laying a Strong Foundation for Disaster Resilience: How Can Data Make Us Resilient to Disasters?

Author:
Samet Keskin
Publication Date:
10-2024
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
This report aims to demonstrate the importance of data-driven approaches for laying strong foundations in disaster management. The report firstly provides information on which data may be needed for disaster risk reduction and how they can be used in disaster management, as well as examples of good practices, services and products. This review is followed by recommendations to use data more effectively in disaster risk reduction and to better integrate it into policymaking and strategy development processes.
Topic:
Natural Disasters, Crisis Management, Resilience, and Data
Political Geography:
Global Focus

5. Data-Driven Strategic Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction

Author:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Publication Date:
07-2024
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
For disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies, there is a need to examine the existing political framework, data collection, budgeting approaches based on this data, and cross-sectoral collaborations. This publication is based on the participants’ recommendations from the Training and Workshop: Data-Driven Strategic Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction event that took place on May 14, 2024 within the scope of Improving Disaster Resilience for Sustainable Cities project, implemented by TESEV with the support of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom.
Topic:
Sustainability, Data, Disaster Management, Strategic Planning, and Budgeting
Political Geography:
Global Focus

6. New Approaches to Data Production for Monitoring and Mitigating Gender Inequality

Author:
Özge Aktaş Mazman
Publication Date:
03-2024
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
This brief prepared within the scope of the Exploring Data for Gender Equal Cities project carried out with the support of the Consulate General of Sweden in Istanbul, presents new perspectives.
Topic:
Governance, Inequality, Sustainability, Data, and Gender
Political Geography:
Global Focus

7. Data Concentration and Competition in Digital Platforms

Author:
Hyunsoo Kim
Publication Date:
10-2024
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)
Abstract:
Policy discussions in major countries regarding access to data as a means of promoting competition in the digital platform market are taking place within the framework of existing legislation. The existing legal framework determines whether access to data is necessary based on whether the data is essential for competition in the relevant market and whether it can only be obtained from the dominant platform. In competition law, discussions about whether other companies can access a dominant firm’s resources have traditionally taken place under the so-called essential facilities doctrine. Whether data is essential for competition in a given market cannot be determined uniformly. However, existing literature suggests that narrowly defined essential data does not exist in many markets, and it is also difficult to find such data in markets related to large digital platform companies like Google or Amazon. This is because businesses can be established and operated in search engines or online marketplaces without having extensive user data. From this perspective, the role of competition law in ensuring access to data under the existing legal framework is inherently limited. These limitations arise not only in relation to the essential facilities doctrine but also in the process of applying competition policy. Competition policy typically takes a long time to implement, while the rapidly changing business environment of the digital platform market requires companies to quickly identify business opportunities in order to enter the market. Even if it is proven that a dominant company has used its data in an anticompetitive manner, it is extremely difficult to impose appropriate remedies that could restore the market to its previous competitive state. Additionally, designing complex remedies and continuously monitoring compliance with competition policy is not easy, which is why there are ongoing discussions about the need for ex ante regulation. However, ex ante regulation also has its own costs and drawbacks, so the practical benefits of implementing such regulations must be carefully evaluated.
Topic:
Economics, Business, Data, and Digital Platforms
Political Geography:
Global Focus

8. Could a Global “Wicked Problems Agency” Incentivize Data Sharing?

Author:
Susan Ariel Aaronson
Publication Date:
03-2023
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
Abstract:
Global data sharing could help solve “wicked” problems (problems such as climate change, terrorism and global poverty that no one knows how to solve without creating further problems). There is no one or best way to address wicked problems because they have many different causes and manifest in different contexts. By mixing vast troves of data, policy makers and researchers may find new insights and strategies to address these complex problems. National and international government agencies and large corporations generally control the use of such data, and the world has made little progress in encouraging cross-sectoral and international data sharing. This paper proposes a new international cloud-based organization, the "Wicked Problems Agency," to catalyze both data sharing and data analysis in the interest of mitigating wicked problems. This organization would work to prod societal entities — firms, individuals, civil society groups and governments — to share and analyze various types of data. The Wicked Problems Agency could provide a practical example of how data sharing can yield both economic and public good benefits.
Topic:
International Cooperation, Governance, Data, and Public-Private Partnership
Political Geography:
Global Focus

9. Security Paradigm in the Age of Mass Surveillance

Author:
Gulshan Majeed and Muhammad Naveed Sial
Publication Date:
07-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Political Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
In this age of social media and technological advancement, people are more connected than ever. People are connected to each other, to their physician, grocery and clothing store. They are shopping online and sending personal and intimate messages. People are being tracked wherever they go simply from their phones. These are the foot prints which they are leaving. The foot prints through CCTV cameras, their social media and their internet searches. Spy agencies use these foot prints for profiling and to keep citizens safe from antisocial elements. There is a draw back of these measures as they cost citizens of their fundamental right of privacy and most importantly, the breach of trust. Analytical approach has been employed to identify the risks involved into mass surveillance and data breach of the citizens. Right activists believe that this data is at risk and it might go into the hands of terrorists, populist far-right or authoritarian governments who in turn might use this data to target political opponents. In this fast-changing environment, national security paradigm is shifting in these recent times.
Topic:
National Security, Cybersecurity, Social Media, Populism, Surveillance, Data, Civil Liberties, and Edward Snowden
Political Geography:
Global Focus

10. Responsible Innovation in Disruptive Digital and Data Technologies

Author:
Paul Samson, Constance de Leusse, Paul Fehlinger, and Aaron Shull
Publication Date:
12-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
Abstract:
As the world grapples with rapid technological change that has the capacity to affect every aspect of human life, “responsible innovation” is key to ensuring that this transformation is shaped in a way that benefits society as a whole while minimizing risks. A joint effort by the Centre for International Governance Innovation and Project Liberty, this policy brief explores seven “verticals” that will guide this technological evolution (artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, neurotechnology, Web3, digital public infrastructure, extended reality and biocomputing) and four “horizontals” (macroeconomics, geopolitics, climate change and regulation) that will shape the medium-term impact of these verticals. Using responsible innovation in the development and application of these technologies can help mitigate their disruptive potential. This approach involves looking at how to reduce the possible negative consequences of an innovation while maximizing its benefits for everyone, and focusing attention on innovation aimed at our greatest shared challenges.
Topic:
Science and Technology, Innovation, Data, and Emerging Technology
Political Geography:
Global Focus