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132. Global health Security and Pandemics: Coronavirus and Conflict
- Publication Date:
- 04-2020
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Mile End Institute, Queen Mary University of London
- Abstract:
- Conflicts exacerbate inequalities that have already been brought to light by COVID-19. In this video, Dr Andreas Papamichail (Queen Mary University of London) discusses how weakened health systems will hinder the response to the virus, the increased risks faced by vulnerable populations, and how the dynamics of conflict can become wrapped up in responses to the pandemic.
- Topic:
- Security, Inequality, Conflict, Pandemic, and COVID-19
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
133. Building and Sustaining Peace from the Ground Up: A Global Study of Civil Society and Local Women’s Perception of Sustaining Peace
- Author:
- Agnieszka Fal Dutra Santos
- Publication Date:
- 01-2019
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP)
- Abstract:
- The promise of “maintaining international peace and security”1 is one of the most important commitments of the United Nations (UN), and securing peace one of its most central tasks. Yet, it is also a promise that has proven to be the most elusive. Conflict and instability continue to be widespread across the world. According to the Global Peace Index, in 2018, “global peacefulness declined for the fourth straight year (...) as a result of growing authoritarianism, unresolved conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and increased political instability across the world.”2 The recent years witnessed major security crises, such as the war against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria; the Rohingya crisis, with over a million fleeing from persecution in Myanmar; and further security deterioration in 92 countries.3 Even in countries where peace agreements have been signed – such as Colombia, the Philippines, and South Sudan – their implementation remains slow and challenging, and high levels of violence and insecurity persist. In countries that do not experience armed conflict, peace is often disrupted by other forms of insecurity – such as the shrinking of the democratic space, and the persecution, arrests, torture and murder of human rights activists. The failure to achieve and sustain peace has devastating impacts on the lives of thousands of people. As of December 2018, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees documented 68.5 million individuals forced to flee their homes, primarily because of violent conflicts.4 The negative impact of armed conflict on the achievement of development goals has also been documented.5
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Women, Conflict, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
134. Civil Wars, Intrastate Violence, and International Responses
- Author:
- Todd Richardson
- Publication Date:
- 01-2019
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center
- Abstract:
- From October 22–23, 2018, the U.S.-Asia Security Initiative (USASI) at Stanford University, in conjunction with the Institute for China-U.S. People-to-People Exchange at Peking University and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), gathered scholars and policy practitioners at the Stanford Center at Peking University to participate in the “Civil Wars, Intrastate Violence, and International Responses” workshop. The workshop was an extension of a project examining the threats posed by intrastate warfare launched in 2015 and led by AAAS and Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. The goal of this workshop was to facilitate frank discussions exposing participants to a wide range of views on intrastate violence and international responses. The workshop was divided into sessions that assessed trends in intrastate violence since the end of the Cold War, examined the threats to international security posed by civil wars and intrastate violence, and evaluated international responses, including an analysis of the limits of intervention and a discussion of policy recommendations. Participants also had an opportunity to make closing comments and recommendations for future research. This report provides an executive summary and summaries of the workshop sessions on a non-attribution basis.
- Topic:
- Civil War, Humanitarian Intervention, Conflict, and Violence
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
135. Data for Peace and Security: Report of the Practitioners Workshop on Harvesting Best Practices and Building a Community of Practice
- Author:
- Paige Arthur
- Publication Date:
- 07-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center on International Cooperation (CIC)
- Abstract:
- As the world faces a significant upward trend in conflict—including a tripling of civil wars since 2007 and conflict increasingly prevalent in middle-income countries—practitioners in peace and security have sought to expand their toolkits to take advantage of the revolution in information gathering, data analytics, ICTs, and machine learning. On March 20, 2019, participants from around the world showcased 25+ innovative, data-driven approaches that are transforming the methods and the effectiveness of those working on early warning, conflict prevention, peacebuilding, stabilization, and international security.
- Topic:
- Security, Civil War, Science and Technology, Conflict, Peace, and Data
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
136. Multilateral Peace Operations and the Challenges of Irregular Migration and Human Trafficking
- Author:
- Jaïr van der Lijn
- Publication Date:
- 06-2019
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
- Abstract:
- The third phase of the New Geopolitics of Peace Operations (NGP) initiative seeks to enhance understanding of how peace operations interact with non-traditional security challenges such as terrorism and violent extremism, irregular migration, piracy, organized crime and environmental degradation. It aims to identify the various perceptions, positions and interests of the relevant stakeholders. By engaging key stakeholders and mapping the policy space for the potential role of peace operations in addressing non-traditional security challenges, it also aims to stimulate open dialogue, cooperation and mutual understanding. Four dialogue meetings organized by SIPRI and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) will focus on a different non-traditional security challenge. Each will be preceded by a background paper that sets the baseline for the meeting: giving an overview of the main developments and discussions regarding peace operations and the specific challenge to be discussed. The initiative will conclude with a final report based on the outcomes of these meetings that will advance the discussion on peace operations and non‑traditional security challenges. This phase of the NGP initiative is supported by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, co-sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia, and in continued partnership with FES.
- Topic:
- Security, Conflict, Multilateralism, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
137. Beyond the Binary: Securing Peace and Promoting Justice after Conflict
- Author:
- Nelson Camilo Sánchez, Rodrigo Uprimny, Howard Varney, Michael Schwarz, Tatiana Rincón-Covelli, Claudio Nash, Tara Van Ho, and Oscar Parra
- Publication Date:
- 01-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Dejusticia
- Abstract:
- The main objective of Beyond the Binary is to place on record the need to formulate answers to the question of the role that criminal action and punishment should play in negotiated political transitions from war to peace. Discussions on the meaning and scope of concepts such as justice, accountability, and victim satisfaction continue to be fervent topics in specialized circles of what is now known as “the transitional justice field,” and in societies suffering from mass violence. Instead of solving the practical and theoretical dilemmas of these interpretative disputes, the experience and knowledge accumulated over the more than three decades that this field has been in existence have served only to deepen the debates and to adapt more of these discussions to new and constantly-changing scenarios and contexts.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Conflict Prevention, Peacekeeping, Conflict, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Latin America and Global Focus
138. Safeguarding Humanitarian Action in Sanctions Regimes
- Author:
- Alice Debarre
- Publication Date:
- 06-2019
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- International Peace Institute (IPI)
- Abstract:
- There are currently fourteen UN sanctions regimes, which member states are legally required to implement. Many of these are implemented in the context of armed conflict, where international humanitarian law outlines obligations to protect the provision of and access to principled humanitarian action. But despite efforts to make sanctions regimes more targeted, they continue to have unintended consequences, including impeding or preventing the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection—particularly when they coexist with counterterrorism measures. This issue brief explains the various ways in which sanctions regimes can impact humanitarian action. Acknowledging that this is not a new issue—though one that may be of increasing concern—it identifies several factors that make it challenging to resolve. Finally, it lays out some avenues for progress, pointing to existing efforts and highlighting where more could be done. Given that sanctions regimes are mostly targeted and that member states are bound to uphold the principles in the UN Charter and international humanitarian law (where it applies), sanctions should protect and not inhibit humanitarian action. Where sanctions hinder aid, the impact on civilian populations is immediate, and efforts to backtrack will always come too late. Going forward, member states, the UN, financial institutions, and humanitarian actors should proactively and preventively tackle this problem. While the most effective courses of action will require political will, stakeholders at all levels can take incremental steps to help mitigate the impact.
- Topic:
- Humanitarian Aid, International Law, Sanctions, Conflict, and UN Security Council
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
139. Action for Peacekeeping: One Year into the Implementation of the Declaration of Shared Commitments
- Author:
- Jake Sherman
- Publication Date:
- 09-2019
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- International Peace Institute (IPI)
- Abstract:
- In September 2018, more than 100 UN member states signed a Declaration of Shared Commitments as part of the secretary-general’s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative. The declaration was intended to rally member states to address urgent challenges facing contemporary peacekeeping operations. But one year later, the declaration has not yet translated into concrete action by member states, limiting tangible results for missions on the ground. This issue brief takes stock of progress by the UN and member states in implementing A4P over the past year and looks at where there is momentum and where additional political attention is needed. There is consensus that A4P has helped reaffirm the value of peacekeeping. It also provides a roadmap for incremental reform, a platform for sharing good practices, and a framework for identifying progress. Moving forward, however, it needs to be more than a package of preexisting UN priorities; it needs to become a platform through which the secretary-general sets a new approach to strengthening peacekeeping.
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, International Law, United Nations, Peacekeeping, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
140. Positive Peace Report 2019: Analysing the factors that sustain peace
- Publication Date:
- 10-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP)
- Abstract:
- This report is a continuation of the prior work from the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), and includes updated results for the annual Positive Peace Index (PPI). It also provides analysis of countries that are improving or deteriorating in Positive Peace, as well as the developmental factors that improve or deteriorate with changes in Positive Peace. The research incorporates systems thinking to understand how nations operate and societies develop over time. The introductory section of the report describes the fundamental concepts associated with systems thinking. In doing so, IEP provides a new interdependent framework and holistic approach to understanding peace and development.
- Topic:
- Conflict Prevention, Development, Peace Studies, Peacekeeping, Conflict, Violence, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus