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1492. Stuck in Libya. Migrants and (Our) Political Responsibilities
- Author:
- Nancy Porsia
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI)
- Abstract:
- Fighting at Tripoli’s international airport was still under way when, in July 2014, the diplomatic missions of European countries, the United States and Canada were shut down. At that time Italy decided to maintain a pied-à-terre in place in order to preserve the precarious balance of its assets in the two-headed country, strengthening security at its local headquarters on Tripoli’s seafront. On the one hand there was no forsaking the Mellitah Oil & Gas compound, controlled by Eni and based west of Tripoli.
- Topic:
- Migration and Political and institutional effectiveness
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1493. An economic review of the collaborative economy
- Author:
- Georgios Petropoulos
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Bruegel
- Abstract:
- This Policy Contribution tackles the definition and benefits of collaborative economy, as well as the distinction between professional and non-professional services, recommendations on safety and transparency for users, and the way to approach regulatory concerns.
- Topic:
- Development and Economics
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1494. Nuclear Rules, Not Just Rights: The NPT Reexamined
- Author:
- Henry D. Sokolski
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Nonproliferation Policy Education Center
- Abstract:
- With 190 state members, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) is almost universal. However, it has fallen on hard times. North Korea violated it and withdrew in 2002. Israel, Pakistan, India, and North Korea—the nuclear-armed states most likely to use them—refuse to sign. Others—e.g., Syria, South Korea, and Egypt—have violated its safeguards and yet suffered no serious consequences. Also, with the Iran deal, enriching uranium or re- processing spent reactor fuel, which can bring states to the very brink of bomb making, is now less taboo. Finally, with President Trump’s suggestion that South Korea’s and Japan’s acquisition of nuclear weapons is inevitable, the prospect of the treaty lasting in perpetuity is easily open to question.1
- Topic:
- International Organization and Nuclear Power
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1495. Charting a Course for Trade and Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific
- Author:
- Asia Society Policy Institute
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Asia Society
- Abstract:
- OVER THE PAST YEAR, THE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRADE LANDSCAPE HAS BEEN CHALLENGED AS NEVER BEFORE. A growing number of people around the world are questioning the value of trade agreements, holding them accountable for slow wage growth, rising inequalities, and job losses. Exemplified by Brexit and the U.S. presidential election, a wave of anti-globalization has washed over the world. Further, global trade is slowing, and existing trade agreements have not kept pace with the changing nature of trade itself, owing to the increasingly important role of digital and services trades. But trade has been one of the strongest drivers behind global growth and stability, particularly in Asia. In the past quarter century, the number of trade agreements in the region has increased dramati- cally. At the same time, Asian countries experienced average annual growth rates nearly 3 percent higher after liberalizing their markets.1 The region’s openness has been a critical ingredient in spurring growth, creating jobs, and lifting millions out of poverty. Trade has also helped nations develop stronger ties, giving them a greater stake in one another’s economic success and reducing the likelihood of conflict. What the French philosopher Montesquieu wrote during the eighteenth century remains as relevant in the twenty-first: “Peace is a natural effect of trade.” 2
- Topic:
- International Relations, International Political Economy, International Trade and Finance, and Geopolitics
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1496. Notice and Takedown in Everyday Practice
- Author:
- Jennifer M. Urban, Joe Karaganis, and Brianna L. Schofield
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- American Assembly at Columbia University
- Abstract:
- It has been nearly twenty years since section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act established the so-called notice and takedown process. Despite its importance to copyright holders, online service providers, and Internet speakers, very little empirical research has been done on how effective section 512 is for addressing copyright infringement, spurring online service provider development, or providing due process for notice targets. This report includes three studies that draw back the curtain on notice and takedown: 1. using detailed surveys and interviews with more than three dozen respondents, the first study gathers information on how online service providers and rightsholders experience and practice notice and takedown on a day-to-day basis; 2. the second study examines a random sample from over 100 million notices generated during a six-month period to see who is sending notices, why, and whether they are valid takedown requests; and 3. the third study looks specifically at a subset of those notices that were sent to Google Image Search.
- Topic:
- Intellectual Property/Copyright and Information Age
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1497. Toward A Nuclear Firewall: Bridging the NPT’s Three Pillars
- Author:
- Toby Dalton, Wyatt Hoffman, Ariel Levite, Li Bin, George Perkovich, and Tong Zhao
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- There is no clear, internationally accepted definition of what activities or technologies constitute a nuclear weapons program. This lack of definition encumbers nuclear energy cooperation and complicates peaceful resolution of proliferation disputes. A “nuclear firewall” could enhance the distinction between nuclear weapons–related activities and other non-weapons uses of nuclear technology. Applying a firewall framework for analyzing nuclear programs could improve international governance of nuclear technology and facilitate peaceful nuclear cooperation and disarmament. It could also expand the time and means available to key states and international bodies, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and United Nations Security Council, to diplomatically resolve impending proliferation crises.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and Nuclear Weapons
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1498. Illusions vs Reality: Twenty-Five Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia
- Author:
- Eugene Rumer, Richard Sokolsky, Paul Stronski, and Andrew Weiss
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- The U.S.-Russian relationship is broken, and it cannot be repaired quickly or easily. Improved personal ties between President Donald Trump and President Vladimir Putin may be useful, but they are not enough. The Trump administration needs to temper expectations about breakthroughs or grand bargains with Moscow. Instead, the focus should be on managing a volatile relationship with an increasingly emboldened and unpredictable Russian leadership. The real test for any sustainable approach will be whether it advances U.S. interests and values, especially in the wake of Moscow’s reckless meddling in the November presidential election.
- Topic:
- International Relations, International Security, and Geopolitics
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1499. Reducing All Violent Deaths, Everywhere: Why the Data Must Improve
- Author:
- Rachel Kleinfeld
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- The new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include a target to “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related deaths everywhere.” Given the vast decline in violence since the Middle Ages, particularly since the end of the Cold War, this ambitious target is achievable. But policymakers know the least about the countries receiving the most aid. To ensure that aid and policy are effective, current data gaps and deficiencies must be fully understood and improved. Equally important, the target must include indicators that capture all the main types of violence, not just homicide.
- Topic:
- Political Violence, Basic Data, and Political and institutional effectiveness
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1500. After ISIS: How to Win the Peace in Iraq and Libya
- Author:
- Hayder al-Khoei, Ellie Geranmayeh, and Mattia Toaldo
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- European Council On Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- ISIS has suffered significant setbacks in both Iraq and Libya with the battles for Mosul and Sirte representing potential turning-points. • Without a clear political strategy to guide post- ISIS efforts, these military gains could quickly be lost. Both countries could again become breeding grounds for conflict and extremism, exacerbating European security and migration challenges. This risk is especially high for Iraq given the conflict in neighbouring Syria. • The new US administration is likely to invest less energy than its predecessors in strengthening political orders which provide stability. European states must step up their own efforts
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Global Focus