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81. The Gaza War and Europe: Can the Continent Play a Positive Role in The Middle East?

Author:
Efraim Inbar
Publication Date:
09-2024
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
Abstract:
Europe borders the Middle East, and the continent cannot insulate itself from events in this region. Its options, however, are limited: Europe is hardly a strategic actor with the political will and requisite capabilities to intervene. Moreover, the Middle East is not easily amenable to foreign intervention. Nevertheless, Europe cannot ignore developments that impact its national security and if it concentrates its efforts, it may have a modest input in ensuring that pro-stability forces gain the upper hand.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, Humanitarian Crisis, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Europe, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

82. Why Is It Taking So Long to Destroy Hamas?

Author:
Gabi Siboni
Publication Date:
08-2024
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
Abstract:
For years, the Gaza Strip has been of secondary importance, with the General Staff focusing primarily on the northern front and Iran. This focus has come at the expense of intelligence gathering, building operational plans, and operational attention to Gaza.
Topic:
Non State Actors, Hamas, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Iran, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

83. Israel-Palestine: Mapping Islamophobia on Facebook by U.S. Presidential Candidates

Author:
John L. Esposito, Archit Mehta, and Mobashra Tazamal
Publication Date:
05-2024
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
Abstract:
May 2024 marks over seven months of Israel’s bombardment and siege of the Gaza Strip, home to over two million Palestinians. UN experts and rights organizations have described Israel’s military actions in Gaza as a genocide, and the death toll now stands at over 36,000 Palestinians dead, with over 80,000 injured. Israel’s establishment in 1948 led to the forced expulsion of over 750,000 Palestinians from their homes and villages, an episode that Palestinians refer to as the Nakba (catastrophe), as well as numerous incidents of Israeli settlers engaging in massacres of Palestinians. Since its establishment, there have been a number of wars between Israel and Palestinians and the surrounding Arab countries, and following the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, Israel began its occupation of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem), and the Gaza Strip. This control of Palestinian territories involves “policies of land confiscation, illegal settlement, and dispossession,” rampant discrimination, and settler violence, all of which deprive Palestinians of their basic rights. Israel’s 50+ years of occupation of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank have resulted in what Amnesty International describes as “systematic human rights violations against Palestinians living there.” In a 2021 report, Human Rights Watch concluded that Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territory amounts “to the crimes against humanity of apartheid and persecution.” When it comes to the Gaza Strip, in 2007, Israel imposed a blockade on the territory after the Hamas group came to power. Following the October 2023 Hamas attack, Israel “imposed a total blockade on the Gaza Strip on October 9, cutting its supplies of electricity, food, water, and fuel.” Since Hamas came to power, Israel has launched several military assaults on Gaza in an effort to eradicate Hamas.
Topic:
Genocide, Elections, Social Media, Islamophobia, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, Gaza, and United States of America

84. Gaza’s Day After Starts in Ramallah

Author:
Francesca Borri
Publication Date:
06-2024
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
Istituto Affari Internazionali
Abstract:
The toing and froing of proposals and counterproposals for a ceasefire in Gaza has been going on for months now. The talks between the Israeli government and Hamas, however, have never really been about numbers: how many hostages to release, which ones, in return for how many and which prisoners, and how many days of truce. The sticking point is another: Hamas calls for the end of the war, and the Israeli government for the end of Hamas. This means that, in reality, the stand-off is all about the “day after”. How can a government be established in Gaza that ensures freedom and development on one side, and security on the other one? And yet, that’s what no one has been working on. While most mediators admit by now that Hamas will not be destroyed, in the ceasefire talks the issue of the “day after” continues not to be factored in.
Topic:
Hamas, Armed Conflict, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

85. The Spillover Effect: The Gaza Conflict and Potential Ramifications to the Western Balkans

Author:
Vuk Vuksanović
Publication Date:
01-2024
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP)
Abstract:
This report outlines potential security and geopolitical risks for the Western Balkans stemming from the war in Gaza. While none of these security challenges are inevitable, they are possible. Depending on whether the conflict in Gaza continues in its current form or whether it escalates in intensity and number of belligerents, there are at least three potential ramifications for the Western Balkans. The first concerns the potential radicalisation in the local Muslim communities involving anti-Semitism and acts of violence that could disrupt harmony between local religious communities. The second concerns the risk that if the conflict expands to engulf Iran and Hezbollah and potentially other regional actors, there is a risk that this security rivalry between Middle Eastern players like Israel and Iran will spread to the Western Balkans. Thirdly, depending on the geographical scope and duration of the conflict, there is a potentially high risk of a new refugee crisis impacting the region.
Topic:
Security, Radicalization, Geopolitics, Refugees, 2023 Gaza War, and Antisemitism
Political Geography:
Europe, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, Gaza, and Western Balkans

86. Gaza Needs Humanitarian Assistance Now as Famine Sets In

Author:
Alistair D. B. Cook
Publication Date:
04-2024
Content Type:
Commentary and Analysis
Institution:
Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
Abstract:
Dealing with the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza and preventing famine requires increasing airdrops as an interim solution and reinforcing diplomatic efforts to open up more aid channels.
Topic:
Diplomacy, Famine, Humanitarian Crisis, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

87. Bargaining for Justice: Ukraine, Gaza, and the Ethics of Conflict Termination

Author:
C. Anthony Pfaff
Publication Date:
09-2024
Content Type:
Book
Institution:
The Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College
Abstract:
As wars in Ukraine and Gaza continue with little end in sight, the sense of urgency to determine how they should end is increasing, given how the wars could end. A just war aims to establish a better state of peace, but a better state of peace may not always be achievable, and even when it is achievable, it may not be good enough. When that is the case, actors must determine on what terms to settle, given what they think they can achieve based on relative capabilities and cost tolerances. The resulting “maximin” solution, a practical approach where actors maximize the minimum they can achieve, provides a range of solutions. But taking only these factors into account is not likely to produce an enduring or more perfect peace. To get to a “good enough” state of peace, justice concerns—in this case framed by the just-war tradition—play a role. By impacting what counts as costs and benefits and placing boundaries on what actors should accept independently of those costs and benefits, the just-war tradition can help actors construct more durable settlements. The experiences in Ukraine and Gaza further illustrate gaps in the just-war tradition, which this book also addresses.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, International Humanitarian Law (IHL), Russia-Ukraine War, Just War, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Europe, Ukraine, Middle East, Palestine, and Gaza

88. Trauma in Gaza: Palestinian Diaspora Experiences with Ghada Ageel (Episode 24)

Author:
Ghada Ageel and Sahar Aziz
Publication Date:
12-2024
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
In what a growing consensus of international legal scholars describe as a genocide (https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/new...) , the systematic destruction of Gaza by the Israeli military has killed over 55,000 Palestinians and injured over 100,000 Palestinians in less than 15 months. The Israeli government’s severe restrictions on the entry of humanitarian aid into the blockaded Gaza Strip have produced unprecedented malnutrition, disease, and starvation of 2.3 million Palestinians. While only a few mainstream American media outlets have covered what has come to be known as the Second Nakba – harking back to Israeli militia's ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in 1948 – even fewer journalists have covered the experiences of the Palestinian diaspora in North America. Host Sahar Aziz (https://saharazizlaw.com/) talks with Dr. Ghada Ageel, who was born and raised in Gaza, about the pain and trauma experienced by Palestinians in Canada, the United States, and other diasporic communities as they witness the Israeli army’s horrific violence against their families and friends trapped in Gaza.
Topic:
Diaspora, Ethnic Cleansing, Violence, Humanitarian Crisis, Nakba, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Palestine, and Gaza

89. Gaza, Genocide and International Law with Francesca Albanese (12/4/2024)

Author:
Francesca Albanese
Publication Date:
12-2024
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
Join the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights for a presentation by Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestine Territories, for an international legal and policy analysis of Israel’s military campaign in Gaza since October 8, 2023. In what numerous international legal scholars conclude constitutes a genocide, the Israeli military has killed over 54,000 Palestinians, injured over 120,000 Palestinians, severely restricted entrance of food aid and medicine causing mass starvation, destroyed every university, destroyed or damaged over 70% of buildings, destroyed or damaged 85% of schools, displaced 90% of the civilian population, and destroyed or severely damaged every hospital in Gaza.
Topic:
Genocide, Humanitarian Crisis, Palestinians, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza

90. Eyewitness to the Palestinian Genocide in Gaza (Episode 19)

Author:
Heba Khalil and Wilhelmi (Willy) Massay
Publication Date:
10-2024
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
Since October 8, 2023, the Israeli military has killed over 41,000 Palestinians (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/...) , severely injured over 100,000 Palestinians in Gaza, and destroyed the medical infrastructure in what international legal scholars have described as a genocide (https://twailr.com/public-statement-s...) . Israel has also severely restricted the entrance of food and medical supplies from the Gaza Strip, resulting in the massive starvation of over 2 million Palestinian civilians. CSRR Faculty Affiliate Dr. Heba Khalil (https://csrr.rutgers.edu/about/facult...) guest hosts today’s episode with an interview with Wilhelmi (Willy) Massay, a Tanzanian American trauma nurse who went to Gaza on a medical mission in the spring of 2024. Mr. Massay provides a harrowing account of his eyewitness to the systematic destruction of Gaza’s medical system, a severe shortage of medical equipment, and the consequent preventable deaths of thousands of Palestinians.
Topic:
Genocide, Human Rights, Humanitarian Crisis, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza