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361. Making a State a State

Author:
Courtney Brooks
Publication Date:
03-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
World Policy Journal
Institution:
World Policy Institute
Abstract:
SUKHUMI, Abkhazia—Angie loves traveling, dancing, and peach juice. She doesn't like boundaries. That's because this young human rights worker is from Abkhazia, a self-declared independent territory claimed by Georgia. The 26-yearold, who works for the organization World Without Violence, survived a war, and it has left her with some strong opinions. "I have this habit not to trust Georgians, except those I know long and well," she says. "There isn't a family in Abkhazia which doesn't have a victim from those days. This is terrible, and it's really hard to forget."
Political Geography:
Britain, Russia, United States, France, and Spain

362. Global Libra

Author:
David A. Andelman
Publication Date:
03-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
World Policy Journal
Institution:
World Policy Institute
Abstract:
PARIS—As a New Year's gift to those who elected him, France's new president, François Hollande, mired in a seemingly intractable economic malaise and about to embark on a war in an old colonial territory of Francophone Africa, made an announcement, which the French daily Le Monde carried as an urgent bulletin. He would put an end to the practice of every ex-president becoming a David A. Andelman Global Libra member of the Conseil Constitutionnel, the final judicial appeal of French citizens. Beginning with himself, though not extending to his hated predecessor, Nicolas Sarkozy, no exiting president would have the inalienable right to a seat on France's highest court. It was a campaign promise, one of 60 that Hollande made, as French presidents are wont to make in the heat of battle but rarely expected to remember, let alone keep.
Political Geography:
Canada, Paris, and France

363. L'iconographie révolutionnaire en mutation

Author:
Philippe Buton
Publication Date:
11-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cultures & Conflits
Institution:
Cultures & Conflits
Abstract:
L'iconographie révolutionnaire oscille de façon permanente, au regard des expressions graphiques qui l'ont précédée, entre continuités graphiques et ruptures symboliques. L'auteur examine deux exemples précis. En premier lieu l'iconographie communiste au xxe siècle et ses inventions graphiques (faucille et marteau, étoile rouge, globe terrestre). Puis l'article détaille les quatre phases de l'iconographie de l'extrême-gauche française, des années 1960 jusqu'à nos jours.
Political Geography:
France

364. Logiques et ressorts de l'iconographie anti-biométrique en France

Author:
Pierre Piazza
Publication Date:
11-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cultures & Conflits
Institution:
Cultures & Conflits
Abstract:
En France, l'iconographie a joué à travers l'histoire un rôle non négligeable tant dans les entreprises étatiques destinées à légitimer la nécessité d'instituer certains dispositifs d'identification des personnes que dans les mobilisations dénonçant les dangers des initiatives prises par les pouvoirs publics en la matière. Au regard des expériences du passé, cet article montre comment l'image est devenue un instrument majeur du répertoire d'action contestataire des anti-biométrie. Il s'intéresse aussi à la manière dont ces derniers y recourent en investissant principalement quatre thématiques en vue de sensibiliser à leur cause : l'humour, l'histoire, l'enfance et le corps.
Political Geography:
France

365. Assessing Progress on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament: 2010-2013 Report Card

Author:
Kelsey Davenport and Marcus Taylor
Publication Date:
04-2013
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Arms Control Association
Abstract:
The study, Assessing Progress on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament: 2010-2013 Report Card gives grades to China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, India, Israel, Pakistan—each of which possess nuclear weapons—and North Korea—which maintains a nuclear weapons capability—as well as Iran and Syria, which are under investigation for possible nuclear weapons-related activity.
Topic:
Arms Control and Proliferation, Nuclear Weapons, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation
Political Geography:
Pakistan, Russia, China, United Kingdom, Iran, India, Israel, North Korea, France, Syria, and United States of America

366. Between Humanitarian Aid and Colonialism - The Case Study of French (Non) Intervention in Iraq and Mali.

Author:
Emin Eminagić and Viktoria Potapkina
Publication Date:
01-2013
Content Type:
Case Study
Institution:
The Centre for Security Studies
Abstract:
Peacekeeping missions in today's public discourse are perceived as agents of neocolonialism, and thus seen as widely unpopular. Although one cannot simply assume that there are no reasons for international interventions in conflict areas, as a real need to protect and help the civilian population might exist, upon scrutinizing the foreign policies of some world powers one can witness elements that are none other than neocolonialist in nature. Nevertheless, it remains a sensitive topic, which depending on the prism of the viewer can be interpreted as neocolonial exploitation of resources and labor force, or, on the other hand, seen as stimulating the local economy and building of local capacities for a functioning state. This paper is designed as a comparative case study of France’s (non) involvement in two regions – Iraq in 2003 and Mali in 2013. The time frame of ten years allows for a retrospective analysis of the possible decisions influencing French politicians to make the decision to not intervene in Iraq. The case of Mali is a rather new event and thus requires immediate attention to understand the underlying reasons for military action. Such a case study presents an intriguing opportunity for comparison. In regards to the case of the intervention in Iraq, France had immediate economic interests in the country, however, it, to this day, remains the most vocal opponent of the intervention, regardless of the fact that a large number of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members participated in one way or another in the Operation Iraqi Freedom. In the case of Mali, France does not have any apparent economic interests in the region; however, it is the only NATO state carrying out the military operation in the country unilaterally as of writing of this paper. However it is not our intention to provide definitive answers on certain points of involvement and non-intervention, nor mark processes, but rather to provide a grassroot analysis on the the case study of Mali that would potentially best explain particular aspects of theoretical implications.
Topic:
Humanitarian Aid, Peacekeeping, Humanitarian Intervention, and Colonialism
Political Geography:
Iraq, France, and Mali

367. Crisis Diplomacy from the Mediterranean to the Hindu Kush

Publication Date:
09-2012
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, Princeton University
Abstract:
The Liechtenstein Institute on Self Determination at Princeton University convened a special Colloquium, “Diplomacy from the Mediterranean to the Hindu Kush: A Holistic and Proactive Approach” in Triesenberg, Principality of Liechtenstein, April 19-22, 2012. The colloquium brought together over seventy participants, including senior representatives, experts, academics, and civil society representatives from Austria, Azerbaijan, the European Union, Germany, Georgia, France, Iran, Israel, Liechtenstein, Russia, Qatar, Switzerland, Syria, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants engaged in both plenary and working group discussions about ways to address the four key issues: crisis diploma - cy with Iran; the ongoing crisis in Syria; Afghanistan in transition; and preventing the escalation of crises in this macro region. This was the third LISD-sponsored colloquium on developments in the Mediterranean to Hindu Kush region since the Arab Spring. The colloquium was off the record according to Liechtenstein Colloquium rules, and was financially supported by LISD, The House of Liechtenstein, the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, and the SIBIL Stiftung in Vaduz. The Colloquium was chaired by Wolfgang Danspeckgruber, Director of LISD. This chair's summary includes an updated postscript.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Arms Control and Proliferation, Islam, Nuclear Weapons, War, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Insurgency
Political Geography:
Afghanistan, Russia, Iran, Middle East, France, Arabia, Germany, Syria, Qatar, and Austria

368. Fransa’da İslamofobik Söylemin Ana Akımlaşması ve Arap Baharı’nın Etkisi | Effect of Arab Spring as Islamophobic Discourse Becomes Mainstream in France

Author:
Ömer Behram Özdemir
Publication Date:
12-2012
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Sakarya University (SAU)
Abstract:
Arap Baharı sırasında yaşananlar ve bunların dolaylı ve doğrudan etkileri, sadece Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da değil Batı’da da tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Pek çok uluslararası aktörün Ortadoğu politikalarının değişmesinin yanı sıra, bu sürecin söylemlerde de şekillendirici bir etkisi olduğu bu makalenin dayandığı ana fikirdir. Makalede Fransa örneği üzerinden Müslüman kimliğine karşı İslamofobik söylemlerin siyaset ve medya dilinde ana akımlaşması ve bunun toplum tabanında karşılık gördüğü tezi görsel medya materyalleri ve toplumsal araştırma sonuçlarıyla desteklenirken, “İslamcı” kavramının Arap Baharı süreciyle kullanımındaki değişim ve Müslüman kimliğinin görünürlüğü sorunsalı tartışılacaktır. Böylece Arap Baharı’nın kavram ve söylemler üzerinde şekillendirici bir özelliği olduğu tezi savunulacaktır. | With its consequences, direct and indirect effects, the Arab Spring became a matter of debate not only in the Middle East and North Africa but also in the West. It has a formative effect which has an impact on discourses as well as policies towards the Middle East. In this article, this impact will be discussed in the case of France. The rise of Islamophobic discourses in media and politics, enemization of the concept of “Islamism” and visibility problem of Muslim identity will be discussed in the light of some visual media materials and social researches. Thus, the effect of the Arab Spring on Islamophobic discourse of French politics, media and society will be focused on.
Topic:
Arab Spring, Islamophobia, Far Right, and Islamism
Political Geography:
Europe, Middle East, and France

369. Aspirations and Reality: French Foreign Policy and the 2012 Elections

Author:
Brinton Rowdybush and Patrick Chamorel
Publication Date:
12-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Washington Quarterly
Institution:
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Abstract:
This spring, the French will either reelect Nicolas Sarkozy for another five years or, for only the second time since General Charles de Gaulle inaugurated the Fifth French Republic in 1958, opt for a president from the Socialist Party, in this case François Hollande. Sarkozy's defeat is a distinct possibility in light of his unpopularity, France's struggling economy, and a widespread sense that the country is headed in the wrong direction and is ready for change.
Political Geography:
France

370. An Analysis of Sexual Assault in the U.S. Military, 2004-2009

Author:
Dr. Adam Lankford
Publication Date:
10-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies
Institution:
Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies
Abstract:
The history of warfare is marked by national armed forces, paramilitary fighters, and rebels across various eras and cultures who have committed sexual assault with impunity. Social norms have changed dramatically since ancient times, but it can be shocking to realize that even some well respected leaders of the past once approved of such crimes. For instance, Moses apparently gave orders to his warriors to “kill every male among them, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him. But all the women that have not known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves.”1 This may not have been an overt sanction of sexual assault, but it certainly implies that the enemy's virgins should be kept as sexual companions. Furthermore, as Susan Brownmiller describes, “Among the ancient Greeks, rape was socially acceptable behavior well within the rules of warfare, an act without stigma for warriors who viewed the women they conquered as legitimate booty, useful as wives, concubines, slave labor or battle-camp trophy.”2 Joshua S. Goldstein similarly points out that “The most common pattern in warfare in the ancient Middle East and Greece was to literally feminize a conquered population by executing the male captives, raping the women, then taking women and children as slaves. The pattern…recurs even today.”3 In the last century, sexual assault has accompanied armed conflicts in countries all around the world, including Bosnia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Rwanda, and Sudan.
Political Geography:
Russia, China, Sudan, Bosnia, Middle East, France, Germany, Italy, and Rwanda