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42. Factsheet: The League (Lega, Lega Nord, The Northern League)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 09-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- Northern League (Lega Nord) is a far-right political party in Italy that rebranded itself as the League (Lega) in the run-up to the 2018 general election. Umberto Bossi established the party in 1991 as a federation of six regional parties in north and north-central Italy and it was led by Roberto Maroni until 2013. Under the leadership of Matteo Salvini, the League amplified anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim sentiments. In southern Italy, the League recently established a sister party named Us with Salvini and ran for election under the title “Salvini Premier.” In the 2018 general election, the League was the third-largest party and formed a coalition with the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the Democratic Party (PD). After the 2019 European Parliament election, it became the largest party and co-founded the the anti-Muslim and far-right parliamentary group Identity and Democracy.
- Topic:
- Islamophobia, Far Right, Political Parties, and Northern League (Lega Nord)
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Italy
43. Factsheet: Andrej Babiš
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 10-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- Andrej Babiš has served as prime minister of the Czech Republic since 2017 and is the founder and leader of the Action of Dissatisfied Citizens party (ANO 2011). Babis has furthered anti-refugee rhetoric and argued in favor of a “zero refugees” policy. Prior to entering politics, Babis founded multinational conglomerate Agrofert. Babiš has strong political and business links to notoriously anti-Muslim Czech President Miloš Zeman.
- Topic:
- Refugees, Islamophobia, Political Parties, and Andrej Babiš
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Czech Republic
44. Factsheet: Austrian Integration Fund (Österreichische Integrationsfonds, ÖIF)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 11-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- The Austrian Integration Fund (ÖIF) is a fund of the Republic of Austria in charge of integration affairs (social integration of minorities) at both the federal and state levels. In the past few years, the ÖIF has used its platform to promote anti-Muslim views through speakers and reports. The ÖIF supports the anti-Muslim policies of the Austrian People’s Party’s (ÖVP).
- Topic:
- Islamophobia, Integration, Political Parties, Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), and Austrian Integration Fund (ÖIF)
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Austria
45. Factsheet: Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- The Swiss People’s Party (SVP) is Switzerland’s leading far-right political party, established in 1971. Currently, the SVP is the strongest faction in the Nationalrat, the National Council. It is also part of the Federal Council, Switzerland’s executive branch. The SVP was the catalyst behind the minaret ban in 2009 and has also launched other anti-Muslim campaigns to ban the face-veil. SVP politicians are internationally connected with other anti-Muslim movements and figures, including writer Udo Ulfkotte and Renaud Camus.
- Topic:
- Domestic Politics, Islamophobia, Far Right, Political Parties, and Schweizerische Volkspartei (SVP)
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Switzerland
46. Factsheet: National Rally (Rassemblement National, previously Front National or National Front)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 02-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- National Rally, previously known as National Front, is a far-right political party in France with a decades-long history of Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, racism, xenophobia, homophobia, and misogyny. National Rally has enjoyed electoral success locally, nationally, and in the European Parliament. Throughout its history, the party has been dominated by the Le Pen family, especially Jean-Marie Le Pen, a Holocaust denier and apologist of French colonialism, and his daughter, Marine Le Pen, who advocates religious discrimination against Muslims, immigrants, and migrants.
- Topic:
- Islamophobia, Far Right, Xenophobia, Anti-Semitism, Political Parties, and National Rally (Rassemblement National)
- Political Geography:
- Europe and France
47. Factsheet: Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland/AfD)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 04-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland/AfD) is a far-right political party in Germany and the first far-right nationalist party to enter the German parliament since World War II. AfD is widely regarded as an anti-Semitic, Islamophobic, and racist political party.
- Topic:
- Domestic Politics, Islamophobia, Far Right, Anti-Semitism, Political Parties, Racism, and Alternative for Germany (AfD)
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
48. Factsheet: Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 05-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- The most electorally successful far-right party in Sweden, the Sweden Democrats (SD, Sverigedemokraterna), have been represented in the national legislature since 2010 and the European Parliament since 2014. Rooted in Nazism and founded by white supremacists in the 1980s, the Sweden Democrats have attempted to rebrand by shifting to rhetoric and policies that stigmatize Islam, Muslims, and Muslim immigration in Sweden. SD members have a history of promoting anti-Muslim, anti-Semitic, and racist statements and conspiracy theories.
- Topic:
- Islamophobia, Far Right, White Supremacy, Anti-Semitism, Political Parties, and Sweden Democrats
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Sweden
49. Factsheet: Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest)
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 06-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest, VB) is a far-right political party in the Flemish region of Belgium which promotes Flemish nationalism and was founded in 1978. The party has promoted fears of immigrant invasions, a Muslim takeover of Europe, and the Islamization of Flemish society. Filip Dewinter, one of the leading members of VB, has used the party’s platform to advance anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim conspiracy theories. VB gained its first electoral successes in the late 1980s. Today, the party is represented in regional, national and European parliaments, and has transnational and international ties with other anti-Muslim and far-right movements and parties.
- Topic:
- Nationalism, Islamophobia, Far Right, Xenophobia, Political Parties, and Flemish
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Belgium
50. Factsheet: Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ
- Author:
- Bridge Initiative Team
- Publication Date:
- 06-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Bridge Initiative, Georgetown University
- Abstract:
- The Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) was founded in 1956 as a party of former Nazis. While the party remained a marginal opposition party during its first three decades, by the mid-1980s it became one of the first (and most successful) populist far-right parties in Europe. FPÖ has primarily targeted Muslims and Islam in its policies and rhetoric, and has maintained connections with far-right, anti-Muslim parties, movements, and figures across Europe, in the U.S., and in Israel.
- Topic:
- Populism, Islamophobia, Far Right, Political Parties, and Muslims
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Austria