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51. Conceptual Framework of the Active Ageing Policies in Employment in the Czech Republic

Author:
Lucie Vidovićová
Publication Date:
03-2014
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
In this paper the author presents a general assessment of the labour market situation of older workers in the Czech Republic, starting with a more general overview of the demographic situation and emphasizing the generational differences among the young-old and older cohorts, underlying a number of different problems as well as solutions. Further in the paper she addresses the impact of the recent economic situation on employment levels, showing that the recovery in terms of employment has not yet begun and that the impact on older workers is (at least) two-fold: firstly, for older workers it is very difficult to find a new job once unemployed; secondly, if employed, the pressure on workability and the increasing demands of workplaces may be harder to bear for the older the worker. She describes a National Action Plan Supporting Positive Ageing (2013-2017) and other examples of good and transferable praxes which address some of the active ageing issues in an innovative way. The second part of this report examines the issues of employability, workability and age-management as perceived by some of the key actors. The report goes into greater detail on the topic of paid work after retirement, which is considered an important part of the Czech economy, despite the fact that the employment of sizable groups of older workers after retirement is undeclared. Self-entrepreneurship and independent work in later life are another realm of employment that is increasing in importance in the Czech economy; however, as consulted experts argue, it is not to be taken as an unproblematic solution to late-life careers. In the last chapter the author turns her attention to the lifelong learning of older workers and to their up-skilling/retraining. In the concluding remarks, she reemphasizes the need to address the heterogeneity of the older workforce, in the sense of age/generational affiliation, health, socio-economic and other characteristics.
Topic:
Demographics, Employment, Social Policy, Aging, Social Services, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe, Eastern Europe, and Czech Republic

52. Conceptual Framework of the Active Ageing Policies in Employment in Poland

Author:
Izabela Styczynska
Publication Date:
03-2014
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
The aim of this work is to present an in depth understanding of the conceptual framework of active ageing policies, which have been created and implemented in Poland. The discussion of active ageing in employment in Poland started relatively late. The first discussions on the unfavourable situation of elderly employment emerged only in the second half of the 1990s, when the debate on the pension system reform started. While only a few ageing policies were developed at the national level during that time, several interesting initiatives were undertaken at a regional level and in the third sector. They were mostly focused on productive ageing and the problems associated with the economic activation of people over 50. The intensive implementation of the active ageing policies in Poland started in 2012, during the European Year of Active Ageing. At present, there is an intense discussion on policies addressed to the elderly, which concentrate not only on the activation of the labour market, but also on healthy, active and socially inclusive ageing, education andcivil engagement. This paper concludes that despite intense work being done by public authorities, the concept still needs a deeper implementation - especially at the regional level. Furthermore, close observation and evaluation of the activation programmes is still missing and the identification and implementation of good practices which are already being developed in other European countries is under-used.
Topic:
Demographics, Employment, Social Policy, Aging, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

53. Employment in Long-term Care. Report on Poland

Author:
Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta, Ewa Kocot, and Stanisława Golinowska
Publication Date:
06-2014
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
The aim of this report is a deepened recognition of employment in long-term care (LTC). It presents past and future trends in the development of LTC employment. Authors collected scattered statistical information, estimated lacking data and projected future growth in the number of employed in care services. Performed analysis includes employment in the health and social sector and across various types of care. Projections of the demand for care and supply of the LTC workforce are based on the demographic prognosis of the population size and changes in the age structure taking into account different scenarios for demographic development. Results show the growing gap between demand and supply in the LTC employment. The policy towards aging in Poland must take up the challenge of growing care needs, family changes and lower opportunities for provision of informal care.
Topic:
Demographics, Employment, Aging, Social Services, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

54. Impact of aging on curative health care workforce. Country Report Poland

Author:
Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta, Ewa Kocot, and Stanisława Golinowska
Publication Date:
08-2014
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
The report discusses employment in the health care system in Poland based on analysis and projections of the demand and supply of medical workforce. The impact of the financial situation and policy on relativelly low employment level of medical personel was accounted for in the analysis while projections were driven by demographic changes in the following two decades. Results of different demographic variants of projections used in Neujobs project and additional scenarios show that while ageing is an important factor that may stimulate demand for provision of medical personnel, changes might be mitigated by further increase in efficiency of care. At the same time the supply of care will be affected by ageing too. The results indicate that more detailed monitoring of employment in the future will be needed in order to assure adequacy of provision of medical professionals, especially of nurses (critical gap), some medical specialists, physiotherapists and medical technical personnel.
Topic:
Social Policy, Aging, Public Health, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

55. Age and Productivity. Human Capital Accumulation and Depreciation

Author:
Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska, Claudia Villosio, Maciej Lis, Michele Belloni, and Monika Potoczna
Publication Date:
11-2013
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
This report, titled "Age and Productivity. Human Capital Accumulation and Depreciation", was released within a project NEUJOBS- “The Impact of Service Sector Innovation and Internationalisation on Growth and Productivity”, funded by the European Commission, Research Directorate General as part of the 7th Framework Programme. The report focuses on links between age, productivity and lifelong learning. Various data sources (EU-SILC, LFS, Structure of Earnings Survey, SHARE, ELSA, SHARELIFE) and methodological approaches were used in this report. The analysis identifies clusters of countries with common characteristics of age-earnings profiles (for certain groups of employees) and allows for an explanation of those differences. Some differences can be attributed to the share of sectors, education types, and occupations in country-specific employment. Others are due to labour market institutions and the (dis)incentives to work at older ages provided by social security systems. Additionally, the dynamics of earnings after age 50 differ less between educational and occupational groups than at earlier ages. The authors show that the dynamics of average wages are strongly influenced by the timing of entering and leaving labour market. An estimation of the impact of LLL on productivity (measuredby earnings) at older ages shows that for employees aged 50+, participation in training increases wages in the short-term.
Topic:
Demographics, Economics, Human Capital, Aging, Labor Market, and Capital
Political Geography:
Europe

56. The impact of institutional and Socio-Ecological Drivers on Activity at Older Ages

Author:
Aart Jan Riekhoff, Agnieszka Kaminska, Izabela Styczynska, and Maciej Lis
Publication Date:
11-2013
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
In the report, the authors present an insight of the socio-economic drivers of economic and noneconomic activity of persons 50+, as well as their ability to adopt to SET. Not only the labour market participation, but also social engagement, beliefs, education, religious activities and housework are studied. With the use of European Social Survey data they investigate the general level of the activity among people aged 50+ in Europe as well as the relation between various aspects of activity and general labour market performance. They obtain mixed results on the concomitance of non-market and labour-market activities. At the same time they check the role of personal traits as well as pull and push factors on prematurely leaving labour market in European countries. The differences among countries in terms of the results are confronted with the institutional characteristics of the countries. Finally, selected case studies of successful activation policies are presented.
Topic:
Social Policy, Social Services, Private Sector, Labor Market, and Productivity
Political Geography:
Europe

57. Determinants of Household Demand for Services - Formal Versus Informal Sector

Author:
Izabela Marcinkowska
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
This paper addresses the issue of household demand for services in Poland when informal sector is taken into consideration. The aim of the study is threefold: (i) to investigate the factors influencing households expenses for services, (ii) to find the determinants of households’ tax strategy (choice between acquiring services on regular labour market or not), (iii) to investigate the differences between the factors that influence the expenses for formal versus informal services. Two-step Heckman selection model is used to account for the selection into buying household services. Lee’s (1983) procedure is adopted to control for the selection into the particular choice of tax strategy when purchasing household services. The decision whether to buy household services and whether formally or informally is modelled as a sequential choice and estimated by bivariate probit with selection. An important novel feature of the model used is the inclusion of variables that capture social norms and personal attitudes toward tax evasion. The study concludes that factors influencing expenses for services are positively related to financial situation of households, education and age of household head. The probability of avoiding taxes is higher for lower income households, households with more than one member and for those where a positive attitude toward informal employment is expressed. The impact of determinants of expenses for formal and informal services separately is comparable. Only household structure has the opposite effect on expenses for formal services versus informal ones.
Topic:
Employment, Social Policy, Labor Market, and Informal Economy
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

58. Health Status, Functional Limitations and Disability: Changes in Poland

Author:
Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta
Publication Date:
11-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
The social changes in Poland over the last two decades have had an impact on many dimensions of life, including on important elements of human capital, such as health and functional and instrumental daily activities. This article contains an overview of the available data and indicators on health status, morbidity and disability. It presents the changes in the level of functional and legal disability and aims to show the reasons for these trends. Functional disability is highlighted as one of the major challenges for social and health policy in the next few decades in the context of dynamic aging.
Topic:
Health Care Policy, Social Policy, Disability, Public Health, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

59. Provision of Long Term Care for the Elderly in Poland in Comparison to Other European Countries

Author:
Izabela Styczynska
Publication Date:
02-2012
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
Abstract:
In recent years, population ageing has attracted the attention of research and policy advisors in all European countries. Several policy actions have been directed toward ensuring optimal long-term care (LTC) for elderly people while maintaining fiscal rationality. LTC systems are very different across all European countries. Their design is characterized by diverse arrangements for the provision of care/organization and financing. Despite general concerns, the Polish LTC system is still at the bottom of the pile in terms of the organization and provision of care.
Topic:
Social Policy, Aging, Social Services, and Labor Market
Political Geography:
Europe and Poland

60. Sectoral Labour Market Effects of the 2006 FIFA World Cup

Author:
Arne Feddersen and Wolfgang Maennig
Publication Date:
02-2010
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
Abstract:
Using the case of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, this study is the first to test the employment effects of a mega-sporting event on the basis of data that are both regional and sectoral. It is also the first study of sporting events to use a non-parametric test method. Earlier studies on the World Cup could not identify any employment effects. In contrast, we find a small but significant positive employment effect on the hospitality sector and a negative effect on the construction sector. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a crowding-out effect of public investment on the occasion of a mega-sporting event has been found in an empirical analysis.
Topic:
Economics, World Cup, Labor Market, and FIFA
Political Geography:
Europe and Germany