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32. The rise of the dual labour market: fighting precarious employment in the new member states through industrial relations (PRECARIR) Country report: Croatia
- Author:
- Hrvoje Butković and Višnja Samardžija
- Publication Date:
- 05-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and International Relations (IRMO)
- Abstract:
- The team of IRMO researchers has published a study about the nonstandard work in Croatia in the period since outbreak of the economic crisis, based on the desk research and the interviews. The study is focused on the activities of the trade unions and employers related to increase of the nonstandard work in the sectors of construction, metal industry, retail trade, public healthcare and agency work. The research was published within the project ‛PRECARIR – The rise of the dual labour market: fighting precarious employment in the new member states through industrial relations’ which IRMO implements as a partner from Croatia while it is coordinated by the Dublin City University (DCU). Together with nine other national studies it was published as a CELSI Research Report at the webpage of the CELSI institute from Bratislava. The study was reviewed by three scientific reviewers, and it will be presented at an international conference concerning the nonstandard work in Ljubljana on the 31st May 2016 and at the final conference of the PRECARIR project in Dublin 20th June 2016.
- Topic:
- Labor Issues, Health Care Policy, Unions, and Trade
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Eastern Europe, Croatia, and Southern Europe
33. How ASEAN’s Transformation Can Play Out Well for Europe
- Author:
- Damian Wnukowski
- Publication Date:
- 02-2016
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Polish Institute of International Affairs
- Abstract:
- The transformation of ASEAN into an economic community is a significant step in the organisation’s integration process. The project, formally launched at the beginning of 2016, aims at creation of a single market of more than 620 million people, loosens the flow of goods, services and investment, which should underpin regional economic growth and catch the attention of foreign businesses. However, obstacles to economic cooperation remain, such as limitations on the movement of labour or capital, which shows that the integration process is not yet complete. The EU, which can benefit from a well-functioning market in this region, should share its own experience to support the ASEAN integration process.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Markets, Politics, and Labor Issues
- Political Geography:
- Europe
34. The Recruitment of Migrant Workers By London Science and technology Firms
- Author:
- Andrew P. Goodwin
- Publication Date:
- 08-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxford Economics
- Abstract:
- Access to talent is central to London’s competitiveness. It is important that all companies can recruit the skills and experience they need to innovate and grow. Tier 2 of the UK’s visa system is the main economic route for skilled immigration from outside the European Economic Area (EEA), where the position cannot be filled by a UK/EEA national or is on the Shortage Occupation List. This report assesses the extent to which start-ups and SMEs, particularly those in the science and technology sectors, have difficulties in recruiting from outside the EEA through Tier 2. It finds that while some firms are undoubtedly facing challenges, the problem is not especially widespread across the science and technology sector as a whole. However, at least some employers are encountering difficulties with Tier 2 and a faster, better-supported, and simpler process would make a real difference to employers.
- Topic:
- Migration, Science and Technology, Labor Issues, and Immigrants
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom, Europe, London, and England
35. The impact of pension system reform on projected old-age income: the case of Poland
- Author:
- Elena Jarocinska and Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska
- Publication Date:
- 05-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- This paper analyses the distributional effects of the Polish old-age pension reform introduced in 1999. Following a benchmark Mincer earnings equation, and using a newly developed microsimulation model we project future pension benefits for males born in years 1969–1979. We find that inequality of predicted first pension benefits measured by the Gini coefficient increases from 0.119 to 0.165 for cohorts of men retiring between 2036 and 2046. The observed increased inequality of pension benefits is due to the decreasing share of initial capital that is based on a more generous DB formula in the total accumulated pension capital. At the same time, inequality in replacements rates decreases due to a stronger link between contributions paid through the entire working life and pension benefits.
- Topic:
- Demographics, Economics, Labor Issues, Inequality, Social Policy, Public Policy, Innovation, and Aging
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Poland, and European Union
36. The Collaborative Economy in Poland and Europe: A Tool for Boosting Female Employment?
- Author:
- Karolina Beaumont
- Publication Date:
- 07-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- The collaborative economy is a relatively new economic approach based on peer-to-peer transactions. It includes the shared creation, production and consumption of goods and services accessible for all through online platforms and smartphone applications. It is a burgeoning business model that is experiencing increased interest in all European countries. Statistics show that Poland already has an above-average number of women who are interested in self-employment. Furthermore, formal female employment in Poland is quite low by European standards. This situation implies great potential for the development of the participation of women in the collaborative economy. The paper “The Collaborative Economy in Poland and Europe: A Tool for Boosting Female Employment?” by Karolina Beaumont discusses the challenges of the collaborative economy as a system stimulating female social and economic empowerment and assesses the opportunities offered by the collaborative economy in increasing the female labour participation rate amongst Polish women.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Women, Employment, Inequality, Economy, Social Policy, and Labor Policies
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Poland
37. The Workforce of Pioneer Plants
- Author:
- Ricardo Hausmann and Frank Neffke
- Publication Date:
- 01-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
- Abstract:
- Is labor mobility important in technological diffusion? We address this question by asking how plants assemble their workforce if they are industry pioneers in a location. By definition, these plants cannot hire local workers with industry experience. Using German social-security data, we find that such plants recruit workers from related industries from more distant regions and local workers from less-related industries. We also show that pioneers leverage a low-cost advantage in unskilled labor to compete with plants that are located in areas where the industry is more prevalent. Finally, whereas research on German reunification has often focused on the effects of east-west migration, we show that the opposite migration facilitated the industrial diversification of eastern Germany by giving access to experienced workers from western Germany.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Labor Issues, Labor Policies, Human Capital, Diversification, and Mobility
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Germany, and European Union
38. Morocco's Experience of Migration as a Sending, Transit and Receiving Country
- Author:
- Mehdi Lahlou
- Publication Date:
- 09-2015
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Istituto Affari Internazionali
- Abstract:
- If Morocco appears to be Africa's gateway to Europe, it is a gateway that until today has been used primarily by Moroccans – more than 3 million Moroccans currently live in EU countries such as France, Spain and Italy. The number of other nationalities entering Europe through Morocco has seldom exceeded 20,000 annually and was no more than 7,300 in 2014. Thus, while Morocco is a country of migrant departure, it is only a minor host/transit country for migrants in search of better living conditions outside of their region of origin. Such a configuration has been the basis of recent Moroccan migration policy.
- Topic:
- Globalization, Migration, Political Economy, Bilateral Relations, and Labor Issues
- Political Geography:
- Europe and North Africa
- Publication Identifier:
- 978-88-98650-54-5
- Publication Identifier Type:
- DOI
39. The impact of living and working longer on pension income in five European countries: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, the Netherlands and Poland
- Author:
- Andres Võrk, Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska, Elena Jarocinska, Niku Määttänen, Robert Gál, and Theo Nijman
- Publication Date:
- 05-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- Life expectancies are rapidly increasing and uncertain in all countries in Europe. To keep pension systems affordable, policy reforms are to be implemented which will encourage individuals to work longer. In this paper we analyze the impact of working and living longer on pension incomes in five European countries and assess the impact of these policy reforms on the financial well-being of the elderly. The paper shows the diversity of the policy measures taken in these countries. Furthermore, we analyze the financial incentives for working longer and postponing claiming pension benefits and we assess the attractiveness of these options. Lastly, we study how increases in life expectancies and survival probabilities affect pension incomes.
- Topic:
- Demographics, Labor Issues, Social Policy, Labor Policies, Public Policy, Innovation, and Aging
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Finland, Poland, Estonia, Hungary, Netherlands, and European Union
40. Bondage: Labor and Rights in Eurasia from the Sixteenth to the Early Twentieth Centuries
- Author:
- Alessandro Stanziani
- Publication Date:
- 11-2015
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- Berghahn Books
- Abstract:
- For the first time, this book provides the global history of labor in Central Eurasia, Russia, Europe, and the Indian Ocean between the sixteenth and the twentieth centuries. It contests common views on free and unfree labor, and compares the latter to many Western countries where wage conditions resembled those of domestic servants. This gave rise to extreme forms of dependency in the colonies, not only under slavery, but also afterwards in form of indentured labor in the Indian Ocean and obligatory labor in Africa. Stanziani shows that unfree labor and forms of economic coercion were perfectly compatible with market development and capitalism, proven by the consistent economic growth that took place all over Eurasia between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries. This growth was labor intensive: commercial expansion, transformations in agriculture, and the first industrial revolution required more labor, not less. Finally, Stanziani demonstrates that this world did not collapse after the French Revolution or the British industrial revolution, as is commonly assumed, but instead between 1870 and 1914, with the second industrial revolution and the rise of the welfare state.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Labor Issues, Capitalism, and Industrialization
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Eurasia, and Indian Ocean