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22. The American Interpretation of Russia’s Conduct: The Case of Syria
- Author:
- Micky Aharonson
- Publication Date:
- 09-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- The US is failing to appreciate the significance of the leverage points that the Syrian arena provides for Russia. This leverage allows Russia to exact a heavy toll for the measures the US is demanding.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Military Strategy, Conflict, and Foreign Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Middle East, Syria, North America, and United States of America
23. Complications in Russian-Israeli Relations: Israel’s Aerial Freedom of Operation in Syria will be Preserved
- Author:
- Omer Dostri
- Publication Date:
- 10-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- Russia’s accusations against Israel that it is responsible for the downing of its plane is meant primarily for a domestic audience. Until now, Russia has made sure to behave with restraint in the Syrian arena and to operate based on its strategic interests. One of those interests is the Russian desire to minimize Iranian involvement in Syria.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Military Strategy, Hegemony, and Foreign Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Iran, Middle East, Israel, and Syria
24. An Evaluation of the United States’ Electoral Process
- Author:
- Chad Vickery and Heather Szilagyi
- Publication Date:
- 11-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES)
- Abstract:
- he 2016 elections brought into view serious threats to the United States’ (U.S.) electoral process, though much recent attention has focused on cybersecurity and foreign interference. The U.S. has traditionally benefited from high levels of trust in the electoral process and its outcomes, but that inherent trust has been declining in recent years. The International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) routinely conducts comprehensive assessments and offers advice on how countries around the world can reform their elections to better align with international standards and best practices. However, more established democracies like the U.S. are rarely scrutinized by the election practitioner community in the same manner.
- Topic:
- Elections, Cybersecurity, Foreign Interference, and Election Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, Europe, and North America
25. The Last Straw: Responding to Russia’s Anti-Western Aggression
- Author:
- Mieke Eoyang, Evelyn Farkas, Ben Freeman, and Gary Ashcroft
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Third Way
- Abstract:
- In this paper, we argue that Russia’s interference in the 2016 presidential election is just one part of a wide-ranging effort by Moscow to undermine confidence in democracy and the rule of law throughout countries in the West. Russia has engaged in this effort because, in both economic and demographic terms, it is a declining power – the only way it can “enhance” its power is by weakening its perceived adversaries. Because Russia’s aim is to erode the health of Western nations, we argue it is time for America and its allies to employ a comprehensive, non-kinetic response to contain Russia.
- Topic:
- Security, Elections, Cybersecurity, Democracy, Foreign Interference, and Election Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, Europe, and North America
26. Russia’s 5th Column
- Author:
- Ken Gude
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for American Progress - CAP
- Abstract:
- Russia’s actions to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election and help then-presidential candidate Donald Trump win were similar to its activities to build a network of far-right political parties and movements in Europe. Russian President Vladimir Putin is using this network to advance his policy objectives at home and abroad. In this effort, Russia is motivated by both the desire to lead a conservative revival against Western liberal democracies and a flawed interpretation of recent waves of popular uprisings against autocratic rulers that sees an American conspiracy behind them. Putin has adopted a deliberate strategy to directly challenge the liberal international order led by the United States. That global system helped end the historical pattern of devastating wars among major powers and brought much of the world an unprecedented era of peace and prosperity since the end of World War II.
- Topic:
- Corruption, Social Movement, Leadership, Far Right, and Foreign Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, North America, and United States of America
27. Torn Asunder from Within: Ukraine and the Lessons for Global Security
- Author:
- Iryna Klymenko
- Publication Date:
- 01-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Connections
- Institution:
- Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes
- Abstract:
- Russia’s non-standard intervention in Ukraine was accomplished in four major areas—the economic system as a whole, the energy and security sectors, and information policy. The deliberate policy of the Kremlin has transformed Ukraine into economically fragile and institutionally weak nation. Due to efforts of former regime and Russian intelligence agencies, main Ukrainian government institutions were involved in semi-legal, semi-criminal transnational business scheme. Macro-financial vulnerability of Ukraine, in conjunction with a strained economic structure, proved to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for preparing and implementing hybrid aggression. The Ukrainian precedent might be replicated as a special operation to destroy statehood, whereby disruption is achieved through the escalation of internal political and economic challenges. One universal means of undermining statehood in an era of hybrid wars is to encourage corruption among holders of the highest office.
- Topic:
- Security, Territorial Disputes, Conflict, and Foreign Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe
28. How Russia, Step by Step, Wants to Regain an Imperial Role in the Global and European Security System
- Author:
- Zofia Studzinska
- Publication Date:
- 09-2015
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Connections
- Institution:
- Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes
- Abstract:
- Russia has been an empire for centuries. After the fall of communism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many countries saw a chance to build a new world order and a new international and European security system. But for Moscow, the last 15 years were simply an aberration to be rectified rather than the new reality. Currently, we are witnessing the Russian Federation attempt to rebuild its sphere of influence and restore its borders to what they were during the time of the Cold War. The first sign of Russia testing this plan was the Russo-Georgian war in August 2008. After a poor reaction from the West, Moscow decided to pursue another confrontation, this time going much further, challenging the limits of the possible – the annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, ongoing from April 2014. With the lack of a strong response from the Western countries, one can assume that Russia is on its way to rebuilding its imperial position and will continue to grasp for control of other territories.
- Topic:
- Imperialism, Military Strategy, Empire, and Foreign Interference
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe
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