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342. The Spanish Presidency's agenda for conflict prevention and civilian crisis management
- Author:
- Catriona Gourlay, Jamie Woodbridge, and Lorraine Mullally
- Publication Date:
- 01-2002
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- International Security Information Service
- Abstract:
- According to the Spanish Presidency's website, its ambitions in the field of ESDP are heavily weighted towards enhancing the EU's military crisis management capability and assessing how ESDP could contribute to the EU's response to the threat of terrorism. Government officials are, however, keen to point out that civilian crisis management will not be sidelined and that the Presidency will take seriously its commitment to implement, review and add new dimensions to the EU Programme for the prevention of violent conflict agreed at the Göteburg European Council in 2001.
- Topic:
- Security and Defense Policy
- Political Geography:
- Europe
343. Building Conflict Prevention into the Future of Europe
- Author:
- Claire Piana
- Publication Date:
- 11-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Security Information Service
- Abstract:
- The Convention on the future of Europe is critical for the role of the European Union in the promotion of a more peaceful world. This roundtable sought to gain feedback on EPLO's contribution to the debate. EPLO's paper, which is entitled “Building Conflict Prevention into the Future of Europe”, makes recommendations on how to mainstream conflict prevention in the EU Treaty. It is based on the vision of a EU that is inclusive, democratically accountable, and promoting a more peaceful world.
- Topic:
- Conflict Prevention, Security, and Defense Policy
- Political Geography:
- Europe
344. The Growing Peace Research Agenda
- Author:
- Daniel A. Lindley
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
- Abstract:
- The attacks of September 11 were tragic. However, we are lucky to be fighting this war against terrorism today, rather than in ten to twenty years' time. Bin Laden and other terrorists are seeking biological and nuclear weapons that could kill millions of people. The technological skills and resources needed to make weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are diffusing and becoming easier to obtain over time. Now that we know that some terrorists will stop at nothing, it is imperative to stop terrorists and stop proliferation of biological and nuclear weapons before things get even worse. With a nuclear weapon, bin Laden would have destroyed all of lower Manhattan.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Middle East
345. Thoughts Before Yet Another NATO Summit
- Author:
- Jeffrey Bialos
- Publication Date:
- 09-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Transatlantic Relations
- Abstract:
- A significant NATO Summit is approaching. The United States and its European allies are at a crossroads. NATO is expanding to embrace former members of the Warsaw Pact. The future role of NATO as a military alliance in the 21st century remains under discussion. Will NATO truly be given tangible new missions and really act out of area, and what force structure will support its strategic objectives? Will the United States and its European partners bridge the gap over how to fight the war now underway? Will the widening gap in military capabilities between the United States and its coalition partners be addressed, and will there ever again be coalition operations with U.S. participation under NATO command? Are Europe and the United States “de-coupling,” with the creation of “Fortress Europe” and “Fortress America” in defense? There is an opportunity to seize the moment, and act on these vital issues.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, NATO, Arms Control and Proliferation, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Europe
346. Reconceptualizing NATO
- Author:
- István Gyarmati and Christopher Walker
- Publication Date:
- 07-2002
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- EastWest Institute
- Abstract:
- With the NATO summit in Prague less than six months away, leaders on both sides of the Atlantic must quickly construct a new vision for the Alliance. Making NATO relevant for the 21st century requires developing a realistic plan for restructuring forces and re-examining long-held assumptions. NATO leaders must strike a course that recognizes a dramatically changed international landscape. Terrorism, organized crime, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and related technologies, and militant fundamentalism have risen to the top of most threat assessments. NATO has not yet made the adjustments necessary to meet these new threats. Political and commercial rifts between the United States and Europe are growing wider, and the technology and capabilities gap between America and its allies draws into question the relevance of European militaries. At the same time, the Alliance is poised to invite a set of new members – possibly as many as seven – to join its ranks. Policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic thus face the daunting challenge of meeting the commitment of enlarging the Alliance while simultaneously transforming it.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, NATO, International Cooperation, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- Russia, America, Europe, and Asia
347. Democratic Politics and NATO War Making: Great Britain, Germany and America in the Kosovo Crisis
- Author:
- Scott A. Silverstone
- Publication Date:
- 08-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Department of Social Sciences at West Point, United States Military Academy
- Abstract:
- NATO's ability to assume an activist military role in the international system will depend on the capacity of its member states to generate and sustain domestic support for using military force and for adapting to the changing military conditions that evolve over the course of armed conflict. This article argues that the ability or willingness of national leaders to use force through NATO will vary significantly depending on the arrangement of their democratic political institutions. In the Kosovo war, while Great Britain was a persistent advocate of a ground assault, Germany threatened to veto any such NATO action. The United States was between these extremes, only slowly moving toward acceptance of a ground assault over the course of the conflict. The key variable, "institutional vulnerability" (defined by the degree to which the executive is vulnerable to being removed from office and losing decision-making autonomy to legislative opponents), is the basis for contrasting Britain's Westminster parliamentary, Germany's coalition parliamentary, and America's presidential systems, and for explaining their policy differences in this crisis.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy and NATO
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Kosovo
348. The Discourses of St. Petersburg and the Shaping of a Wider Europe: Territory, Space and Post-Sovereign Politics
- Author:
- Viatcheslav Morozov
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- St. Petersburg enjoys the image of being the most European of Russia's cities. The stories about the past and the present of Russia's northern capital resonate with such concepts as 'the new Hansa', the Baltic Rim or the Northern Dimension of the EU. However, the image of St. Petersburg – the capital of imperial Russia – might also be conducive to processes preserving or (re)creating dividing lines in the Baltic Sea region and in Europe as a whole. The present-day St. Petersburg certainly finds itself in search of new discursive departures that could show the way out of the present situation, which is generally regarded as unsatisfactory. This search is developing along various paths, some of which remain embedded in 'traditional' discourses, whilst others dare to step into the unknown.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and NATO
- Political Geography:
- Europe
349. Can Europe Be Told From The North? Tapping Into the EU's Northern Dimension
- Author:
- Pertti Joenniemi
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The European Union has been furnished with a Northern Dimension (ND). The initiative, taken originally by Finland in 1997, has landed on the Union's agenda yielding policy documents, high-level conferences and some projects pertaining to Europe's North. It outlines, in terms of the spatial markers used, a sphere that reaches far beyond the northernmost North. The initiative aims, in one of its aspects, at turning northernness into a representational frame and regime that nurtures communality and influences the relations between the Union, its northern member states, some accession countries and Russia as well as Norway as non-applicants. The neo-North embedded in the move offers a joint arena for those already 'in', actors on their way 'in' and the ones that remain 'out'. In essence, it mediates in their relations, and contributes to what Christiansen, Petito and Tonra have called the "fuzziness" of the European Union by blurring established divisions.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and NATO
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, and Norway
350. "Realisms at war": Robert Gilpin's political economy of hegemonic war as a critique of Waltz's neorealism
- Author:
- Stefano Guzzini
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- There are two main ways to approach the general topic “International Political Economy and war”. One consists in adding a list of items to a definition of war already known. This usually includes a longer list of strategically important economic resources for which countries might go to conflict or they might need in a conflict. Some of this comes now often under the grandiose name of “geo-economics”. Another approach, however, would look what a different understanding of human motivation and the international system makes to our very understanding of war.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Economics, International Organization, and War
- Political Geography:
- Europe