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351. Human Rights, International Economic Law and Constitutional Justice: A Rejoinder

Author:
Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann
Publication Date:
11-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:
All academics learn from discussion and criticism of their published views. Hence, I congratulated the EJIL editors, Alston in 2002 and Weiler in 2008, when they invited a response to my articles in EJIL. Following the insulting EJIL comments by Alston in 2002, this is the second time in my 37 years of academic teaching that a 'commentator' has imputed to me intoxicating views which I never expressed. Six years after the confabulations by Alston and Howse, Howse remains committed to misrepresenting rather than discussing my legal arguments. Clarifying, in fewer than 2,500 words, the reasons for this 'Alice in Wonderland non-discussion ' would have been more enlightening if my Australian and Canadian commentators had respected correct academic citation before publicly putting forth their aggressive legal phantasms. Here I want to suggest ways in which such an exchange may be more constructive.
Topic:
Human Rights
Political Geography:
Canada and Australia

352. The Potential and Promise of Water Pricing

Author:
Collins A. Ayoo and Theodore M. Horbulyk
Publication Date:
10-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of International Affairs
Institution:
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University
Abstract:
The claim is often made that more effective use of pricing and various water charges can remedy or completely solve problems of water scarcity, shortage or overuse. A common view is that users pay too little for water and, as a result, they use too much. The public or private agencies that supply water to users could levy higher prices willingly, or the regulatory agencies that manage and oversee water resources could enforce higher rates. Implementing these approaches in developing countries may present special challenges due to the high costs involved or due to inadequate resources to assign, monitor and enforce diverse rights to water use. However, are there reasons that other countries, not so constrained, have not implemented effective water pricing strategies? Is this pricing prescription really so straightforward?
Political Geography:
Canada

353. On Thin Ice: Water Rights and Resource Disputes in the Artic Ocean

Author:
Vsevolod Gunitskiy
Publication Date:
10-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of International Affairs
Institution:
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University
Abstract:
In August 2007, a Russian submarine surprised the world by planting the country's flag on the Arctic seabed, almost 14,000 feet below the North Pole. The titanium tricolor was the culmination of a scientific mission to demonstrate Russia's claim to a vast, potentially resource-rich region along its northern coast. Recent geological surveys suggest the Arctic may hold up to a quarter of the world's remaining oil and gas reserves. Predictably, other circumpolar powers criticized the Russian voyage. “This isn't the 15th century,” said Canadian foreign minister Peter MacKay. “You can't go around the world and just plant flags and say 'We're claiming this territory.'”
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, and Canada

354. Nafta toward a Common Currency: An Economic Feasibility Study

Author:
Kelly Hugger
Publication Date:
07-2008
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Department of Economics and Business, Colorado College
Abstract:
The recent emergence of the Euro, combined with the completion of a decade of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has sparked interest in adopting a common currency for North America. This study examines the likelihood that Canada, Mexico, and the United States will adopt a common currency under fixed exchange rate regimes. The benefits and costs of a common currency are explored using the theory of optimum currency areas (OCA). Empirical research focuses on several variables including intra-regional and intra-industry trade, trade openness, gross domestic product, inflation rates, interest rates, economic growth rates, business cycle synchronization, factor mobility, fiscal policy and monetary policy coordination. The analysis also presents a comparative analysis of NAFTA with Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) nations on different economic criteria. Finally, correlation and regression analysis further explores the likelihood that members of NAFTA will economically integrate. Though this research concludes that it is economically feasible for NAFTA members to move towards a common currency, this venture depends on the political readiness of the nations.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance, Regional Cooperation, Treaties and Agreements, and Monetary Policy
Political Geography:
United States, Canada, North America, and Mexico

355. Pathways to Prosperity in the Americas

Author:
Donna E. Shalala, Ph.D. and Charles E. Cobb
Publication Date:
09-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:
It is critical that Florida and the United States provide bipartisan support for the 12 Western Hemisphere countries that have formed the alliance called "Pathways to Prosperity in the Americas." These 12 countries that previously have negotiated trade agreements are: Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru and the United States.
Political Geography:
United States, America, Canada, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, Guatemala, Florida, El Salvador, and Panama

357. Urban Representation of Multiculturalism in a Global City: Toronto's Iranian Community

Author:
Shahrzad Faryadi
Publication Date:
08-2008
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, McMaster University
Abstract:
Globalization is known as a set of interrelated processes that are increasing economic, political, social, and cultural interconnections in the whole world (O'Byrne 1997). There is a direct connection between globalization and the city as “Globalization takes place in cities and cities embody and reflect globalization. Global processes lead to changes in the city and cities rework and situate globalization” (Short and Kim 1999, 9). A global city is conceived as a strategic site not only for global capital, but also for the transnationalization of labour and the formation of translocal communities and identities. In this regard, global cities are a site for new types of political operations and for a whole range of new cultural and subjective operations (Sassen 2005). As a consequence of globalization and the development of global cities and networks, the level of international immigration has been increasing, too, in the last decades. The growing number of world immigrants has raised the plurality of different cultures in global cities (as well as in the global city of Toronto), inspiring in such cities a “multicultural nature” (Hawkins 2006).
Topic:
Civil Society and Globalization
Political Geography:
Canada

358. Engaging the Darfur Diaspora for Peace

Author:
Susan Hayward
Publication Date:
02-2008
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
United States Institute of Peace
Abstract:
In partnership with Concordis International and the Preparatory Committee for the Darfur-Darfur Dialogue and Consultation (DDDC), USIP held a consultation with approximately30 members of the North American Darfur diaspora community from February 12-14, 2008.Representative of Darfur's constituencies, this group of Darfurians traveled to Washington, D.C. from throughout the U.S. and Canada in order to address a broad range of issues related to the conflict in their homeland. Through small-group brainstorming and plenary ession debates, the group developed a set of consensus recommendations aimed at creating the conditions necessary for a sustainable safe and secure environment to prevail in the troubled region.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Civil Society, and Development
Political Geography:
Africa, United States, and Canada

359. Editorial

Author:
James F. Keeley and John R. Ferris
Publication Date:
01-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies
Institution:
Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies
Abstract:
Welcome to the Winter 2008 edition of the Journal of Military and Strategic Studies (JMSS). As one of the few electronic journals dedicated to the study of security related issues in Canada, we are pleased to provide a forum in which security issues can be examined and discussed.
Topic:
Security, Politics, and War
Political Geography:
Afghanistan and Canada

360. After Hillier

Author:
James F. Keeley and John R. Ferris
Publication Date:
03-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies
Institution:
Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies
Abstract:
The announcement of the retirement of General Rick Hillier as Canada's Chief of Defence Staff has sparked much comment about his impact on the Canadian Forces and public. He is credited with having restored the morale of the Forces, with securing more funding and equipment, and with positively raising the Forces' profile among the public. Bad memories from Mogadishu have been expunged. Everyone "supports our troops", as the public mantra goes, even those who dislike their engagement in Afghanistan. That engagement reflects other effects of General Hillier. He has raised the influence on policy of the Canadian Forces among mandarins in Ottawa and the country, and expanded public notions of the uses of the Canadian Forces beyond UN-associated peacekeeping (and a hushed association with NATO).
Topic:
United Nations
Political Geography:
Afghanistan and Canada