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42. Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina Observation Mission
- Author:
- Mastora Stanikzai, Zikria Barakzai, and Mohammad Hashim
- Publication Date:
- 12-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Academy of Political Science
- Abstract:
- After IEC establishment in 2005 the main objectives have been the capacity building of IEC staff. IEC is actively taking major steps toward this objective with cooperation of different international organizations (UNDP, IFES, TAF).
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Democratization, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Balkans
43. Montenegro's Referendum
- Publication Date:
- 10-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Although there are some shoals still to be navigated, the narrow pro-independence victory in Montenegro's 21 May 2006 referendum should, on balance, increase rather than diminish stability in the western Balkans. It is in the interest of the European Union (EU), now that its previous policy of keeping Serbia and Montenegro together has run its course, to welcome the new state and speed its accession to international institutions. Podgorica still faces significant challenges associated with transition, but none should affect regional stability, and all can be resolved as the country moves forward with the Stabilisation and Association process towards EU membership. Given the positive international response to the referendum, Montenegro can aspire to becoming a “boring” country moving toward integration with Europe. But its opposition, and Belgrade, need to be persuaded not to renege on their commitments to the EU to accept the referendum result, lest this generate new uncertainties in the region as a Kosovo status decision approaches.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Caucasus, Kosovo, Serbia, and Balkans
44. After Intervention: Public Security Management in Post-Conflict Societies - From Intervention to Sustainable Local Ownership
- Author:
- Anja H. Ebnöther and Philipp H. Fluri
- Publication Date:
- 08-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Austrian National Defence Academy
- Abstract:
- The transition from interventionist (military) peace-keeping to local (civilian) ownership of public security management has proved not only to be a severe challenge for most peace-keeping operations and their civilian administrators, but also a reason for such operations being prolonged at tremendous cost. In many cases, peace-keeping operations and/or other international agents rapidly became part of the local economy, and thus contributed to the preservation of the status quo rather than to a sustainable process leading toward local governance; meanwhile local police organs - often remnants of the winning force in the antecedent conflict - remained tribal or clannish in their approaches and interests. They could thus hardly be seen as enforcement agencies of a law which remains equally applied to all citizens.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Conflict Prevention, Security, Development, International Organization, and War
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Middle East, and Balkans
45. The Solution of the Albanian Question As A Precondition for the Fruitful Cooperation in the Balkans
- Author:
- Enver Hasani
- Publication Date:
- 02-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Austrian National Defence Academy
- Abstract:
- The Stability Pact was launched on the eve of the Kosova war and conflict Paradoxically, though, Kosova has so far benefited the lest from it. Only very recently Kosova managed to have its own representative in it. This is a sign that the same mistakes are being made vis-à-vis Kosova as in the past, seeing the region as a bogus or maverick part of the far South-East of Europe.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Security, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe and Balkans
46. The European Union and the crisis in the Middle East
- Author:
- Martin Ortega
- Publication Date:
- 07-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- European Union Institute for Security Studies
- Abstract:
- In summer 2000 the negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians hosted by President Clinton at Camp David raised the prospect of a peaceful resolution of the most sensitive aspects of their controversy, after almost nine years of difficult but promising exchanges following on from the Madrid Conference of November 1991. Nevertheless, Yasser Arafat's refusal to accept the terms negotiated at Camp David and the outbreak of a second intifada on 28 September 2000 led to a spiral of violence that dashed hopes for peace, leading instead to low-intensity war. Nor did the election of Ariel Sharon as Prime Minister in February 2001 make a return to the negotiating table any easier. The two parties considered that they would have more to gain from acts of violence than from negotiations and agreements. Therefore, violence in the Middle East was the continuation of diplomacy by other means. The external actors did not want, or were unable, to break this vicious circle. The most bitter regional conflict since the Second World War was thus rekindled following a phase of pacification that had appeared to be permanent. The European Union and its member states, but also the European public, viewed this negative development with great concern, because the breakdown of the peace process symbolised the end of a decade of optimism that the international community could promote peace not only in the Middle East but also in many other regions, such as southern Africa, Central America, the Balkans or South-East Asia.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Middle East, South Africa, Balkans, Central America, and Southeast Asia
47. Post Conflict Governance: From Rubble to Reconstruction
- Author:
- Ryan J. Watson
- Publication Date:
- 05-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA)
- Abstract:
- Global debate and media awareness of the complex issues involved with post-conflict governance are at an all-time high. With the reconstruction of the Balkans still leaving much left undone, the United States and much of the international community are seeking to balance continued intervention in Afghanistan with the emerging challenge of rebuilding Iraq.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Democratization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, United States, Iraq, and Balkans
48. Multiethnic State or Ethnic Homogeneity: The Case of South East Europe - 3rd Workshop of the Study Group "Crisis Management in South East Europe"
- Author:
- Predrag Jureković
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Austrian National Defence Academy
- Abstract:
- The topic of this conference, "Multiethnic State or Ethnic Homogeneity - the case of South East Europe", is both theoretically interesting and practically important. It is directly connected to a highly problematic reality as well as to the awareness of a self-evident need to get out of it not only quickly, but also in a secure way, in order to avoid a turned back of similar events.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution and Democratization
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Balkans
49. Building Stability in Weak States - The Western Balkans - 4th Workshop of the Study Group "Crisis Management in South East Europe"
- Author:
- Janusz Bugajski, Aldo Bumçi, Spyros Damtsas, Enver Hasani, Constantin Hlihor, Predrag Jureković, Antonio Leitao, Todor Mirkovic, Albert Rakipi, and Filip Tunjic
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Austrian National Defence Academy
- Abstract:
- "Building Stability in Weak States" was the topic of a workshop of the Woking Group "Crisis Management in South East Europe" of the PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes which was held from 10-11 November 2001 in Tirana. It is no coincidence, however, that the initiative to develop this important topic for the development of security policy in South East Europe originated at the Albanian Institute for International Studies. Albania is seen as typical "weak State" in South East Europe, even though it has recovered from the quasi-civil war of 1997. This publication has ten articles by conference participants ranging from theoretical discussions to case studies from the region.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Conflict Prevention, NATO, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Balkans
50. Peace in Presevo: Quick Fix or Long Term Solution?
- Publication Date:
- 08-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- The past decade in the Western Balkans has seen very few peacefully negotiated transfers of territorial control. The most recent example ñ albeit one not involving any change of sovereignty - was also the only one achieved by NATOís direct mediation. In May 2001, the Presevo Valley was brought back under Serbian government control, ending an ethnic Albanian insurgency that had lasted some seventeen months.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe and Balkans