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2. Toward Anti-racism Education in the African Context
- Author:
- George Sefa Dei and Niketa Afia Peters
- Publication Date:
- 03-2025
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cairo Review of Global Affairs
- Institution:
- School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
- Abstract:
- What would African educational systems look like without colonial influence? Answering such questions may guide educators in the various communities of the African continent to imagine something re-centered around indigenous experiences. Anti-racism is an important part of that answer
- Topic:
- Education, Colonialism, Indigenous, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa
3. Racism, Xenophobia and Solidarity in Migration and Mobility Politics: Does COVID-19 make any difference?
- Author:
- Mojúbàolú Olufúnké Okome
- Publication Date:
- 03-2024
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Ìrìnkèrindò: A Journal of African Migration
- Institution:
- Ìrìnkèrindò: a Journal of African Migration
- Abstract:
- This issue was originally planned to center on the COVID-19 pandemic, intended for publication at its peak. However, one of the lingering effects of the pandemic was the prolonged production timeline of this issue.
- Topic:
- Migration, Solidarity, Mobility, Xenophobia, COVID-19, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa
4. Invisibility and Negrophobia in Algeria
- Author:
- Stephen J. King
- Publication Date:
- 02-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Arab Reform Initiative (ARI)
- Abstract:
- After independence, Algeria’s ruling elites chose to suppress identity issues because they saw diversity as a source of division and a threat to their hold on power. The Hirak has challenged the official narrative and called for an overhaul of the established regime, but issues of Black Algerians and anti-black racism still remain absent from public debates. This paper discusses the absence of Black Algerians in on-going debates about democratization, national identity, and belonging in Algeria, and suggests ways in which to address this exclusion.
- Topic:
- Discrimination, Black Politics, Exclusion, Identity, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Algeria
5. Ending Hereditary Slavery in Mauritania: Bidan (Whites) and Black “Slaves” in 2021
- Author:
- Stephen J. King
- Publication Date:
- 08-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Arab Reform Initiative (ARI)
- Abstract:
- Mauritania has earned the title of slavery’s last stronghold due to the widespread existence of descent-based racial slavery in the country despite successive abolition decrees. This paper seeks to explain why the formal efforts to abolish slavery in Mauritania have failed, discusses the Mauritanian economy and the government’s official views on slavery, and puts forward recommendations to end slavery and slave-like conditions in the country.
- Topic:
- Labor Issues, Slavery, Discrimination, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Mauritania
6. Ending Denial: Anti-Black Racism in Morocco
- Author:
- Stephen J. King
- Publication Date:
- 08-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Arab Reform Initiative (ARI)
- Abstract:
- Morocco is a diverse country that has yet to come to terms with its own black population and the impact of centuries of the trans-Sahara slave trade. Diversity, the history of slavery in Morocco, and the racism that is generally inherent in post-slave societies are not openly discussed and often denied by non-Blacks. This paper examines the efforts of black Moroccans to tell the stories of racial discrimination against them as a first step in an attempt to raise awareness, pierce the taboos and end the denial surrounding anti-black racism in Morocco.
- Topic:
- Minorities, Political Activism, Discrimination, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Morocco
7. Mobilizing against Anti-black Racism in MENA: A Reader
- Author:
- Arab Reform Initiative
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Arab Reform Initiative (ARI)
- Abstract:
- The killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, USA, in May 2020 prompted a global surge of demonstrations in solidarity with the “Black Lives Matter” movement and has ushered in one of the most significant and wide-reaching anti-racism movements in recent history. While much of the world is slowly coming to terms with the painful racial histories that fuel present-day discrimination and tensions, the issue of racism in MENA and the region’s role in the slave trade have long been left either unacknowledged or explicitly denied. This denial reinforces entrenched systems of oppression, marginalization, and social exclusion with wider implications on the lives of MENA communities. Societies from Rabat to Sana’a are not as inclusive as they claim to be. Deeply ingrained racial prejudices continue to be a source of suffering and marginalization for diverse minorities, including black communities. Despite the recent growth of interest in anti-racism in MENA, scholarly and literary work on the subject remains sparse, and history books have either glossed over the plight of black people in the Arab region or ignored the part they play in the region’s social dynamics. As part of an effort to promote more regional discussions on the issue and our commitment to fight discrimination in the region, the Arab Reform Initiative is putting together a series of papers (as part of our Bawadar series) on anti-Black racism in MENA in an attempt to raise awareness about anti-black racism in Arab countries and highlight the mobilization that is taking place by anti-racism activists in the region. As a part of this effort, we are also compiling this reader list to draw attention to key academic and artistic works (in English, French and Arabic), but also to bring and keep the issues of anti-black racism at the forefront of public debates and actions. This list – although not exhaustive – presents works chronicling the history of Black communities in MENA, Afro-Arab experiences, and anti-Blackness in the region. We aim to regularly update it to highlight new authors and works. If you think there is a book or paper that needs to be added to this reader, please email us at the address provided above with a link to the paper or book and a few words as to why you think it should be added.
- Topic:
- Solidarity, Discrimination, Black Lives Matter (BLM), and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Middle East
8. Gender Equality or Inequality in Africa? African Feminist Thinking
- Author:
- Ineildes Calheiro and Eduardo David Oliveira
- Publication Date:
- 12-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Brazilian Journal of African Studies
- Institution:
- Brazilian Journal of African Studies
- Abstract:
- The present essay has cognitive analysis as theoretical and methodological perspective and its focus is on thoughts and theories of African authors, particularly in Nigeria, of gender conceptions in Africa. In the first part, Ifi Amadiume and Oyeronké Oyěwúmí epistemologies point to an egalitarian Africa regarding gender relations before colonization. In the second part, Chimamanda Adichie and Paul Zeleza (from Zimbabwe) talk about an unequal Africa regarding gender relations, particularly binary. They put into evidence the decentralization of the hegemonic epistemology from Europe and North America as important to comprehend the debate about gender in Africa. The study comes from the author intention to explore African epistemologies in the context of gender and feminism, and from the incursion (in 2017) in the course of “Gender and África”, and this research was developed after the incursion of the author in the doctorate study (in 2016), in fields of “Contemporary Philosophy and African Philosophy”, which encouraged the author to study different kinds of epistemologies. In addition, the essay aims to diffuse those knowledges.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Inequality, Feminism, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa
9. Explaining South African Xenophobia
- Author:
- Christopher Claasssen
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Afrobarometer
- Abstract:
- South Africa now has the unfortunate reputation as one of the more hostile destinations in the world for African migrants. Widespread attacks targeting foreigners took place in May 2008, killing 62 people and making international headlines. Another wave of violence occurred in April 2015, leading to an outcry across Africa and the recall of the Nigerian ambassador. These are not attacks caused by small bands of provocateurs or criminals; both qualitative and quantitative evidence suggests widespread participation in, and support for, the violence in the affected communities (Claassen, 2014). Indeed, a number of commentators have remarked on the elevated levels of xenophobia observed in South Africa (see, for example, Mattes, Taylor, McDonald, Poore, & Richmond, 1999), with African nationals, in particular, facing everyday hostility and violence (Everatt, 2010). Thus, rather than a case of rare and sporadic attacks disturbing otherwise peaceful relations between locals and African immigrants, South African xenophobia appears to take the form of widespread antipathy and intolerance punctuated by acts of hostility and violence. South African xenophobia has national and regional political consequences. The violence that took place in 2008 and 2015, as well as the hate crimes that occur with everyday regularity, present a pressing human rights concern. Furthermore, as Landau (2011, 2012) has noted, such levels of intergroup hostility are a symptom of a deep social and political malaise. Finally, as the sharp international reaction to the 2015 attacks indicates, South African xenophobia now constrains the country’s international relations, particularly within Africa. This paper investigates the determinants of South African xenophobia. Despite a great deal of reflection, commentary, and research by government, civil society, and scholars, we have a poor understanding of the factors that influence and shape hostility toward African immigrants. The problem is not a scarcity of explanations, but an overabundance. With up to a dozen explanations proffered by experts, we have little idea what actually causes hostility toward immigrants. Moreover, the laundry list of possibilities gives little clue whether some causal factors are contingent on others, as is often the case in social processes.
- Topic:
- Migration, Border Control, Violence, Xenophobia, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and South Africa
10. Full Issue
- Author:
- Mojúbàolú Olufúnké Okome, Bertrade Ngo Ngijol-Banoum, Adémólá Àráoyè, Ramón Grosfoguel, and Charles Adéyanjú
- Publication Date:
- 12-2003
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Ìrìnkèrindò: A Journal of African Migration
- Institution:
- Ìrìnkèrindò: a Journal of African Migration
- Abstract:
- CONTENTS Editorial Africans on the Move: Transnational, Intranational, and Metaphorical Migrations — Mojúbàolú Olúfúnké Okome and Bertrade Ngo-Ngijol Banoum ......................................................... 1 Articles The Train to Ìdògò — Adémólá Àráoyè ...................................................................................... 28 "Cultural Racism" and Colonial Caribbean Migrants in Core Zones of the Capitalist WorldEconomy — Ramón Grosfoguel ...................................................................................... 34 Hegemony and Transnational Practices of Nigerian-Yorùbás in Toronto — Charles Adéyanjú ............................................................................................................ 62 Amy Ashwood Garvey and Afro-West Indian Labor in the United States Emergency Farm and War Industries' Programs of World War II, 1943-1945 — Fitzroy Andre Baptiste ....... 94 Displacement as Discourse — Saadia Izzeldin Malik ............................................................... 132 Absent Father(s), Garvey's Scattered Children & the Back to Africa Movement — Jalani A. Niaah ............................................................................................................................. 158 Contemporary African Immigrants to The United States — Joseph Takougang ..................... 187
- Topic:
- Migration, History, Labor Issues, Immigration, Culture, Social Movement, Capitalism, Economy, and Racism
- Political Geography:
- Africa