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1. Rethinking Military Responses to Terrorism and Insurgency in Nigeria

Author:
Maurice Ogbonnaya
Publication Date:
11-2022
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Social Science Research Council
Abstract:
Since 2003, terrorist insurgency in Nigeria has occasioned complex security and humanitarian crises, especially in the northeast region of the country. Boko Haram, a radical Islamist group from the region, has killed over 30,000 people and caused the displacement of more than 3 million others within the Lake Chad Basin region. Military responses by the Nigerian state and in collaboration with multilateral security agencies have achieved limited success. This paper not only questions the adequacy of military responses to terrorism, as a standalone approach, but it also advances the argument in the extant literature on the obsolescence of excessive militarization of counterterrorism operations as a security management strategy. It suggests the adoption of a more comprehensive and broad-based strategic approach. This is predicated on the limitations of purely military operations in counterterrorism, noting that military responses alone are structurally not designed to deal with the fundamental root causes of terrorism. In this regard, the paper advocates for a combination of military and other non-military counterterrorism approaches that seek to address the fundamental factors that give rise to terrorism.
Topic:
Terrorism, Insurgency, Counter-terrorism, Economic Inequality, and Exclusion
Political Geography:
Africa and Nigeria

2. Invisibility and Negrophobia in Algeria

Author:
Stephen J. King
Publication Date:
02-2021
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Arab Reform Initiative (ARI)
Abstract:
After independence, Algeria’s ruling elites chose to suppress identity issues because they saw diversity as a source of division and a threat to their hold on power. The Hirak has challenged the official narrative and called for an overhaul of the established regime, but issues of Black Algerians and anti-black racism still remain absent from public debates. This paper discusses the absence of Black Algerians in on-going debates about democratization, national identity, and belonging in Algeria, and suggests ways in which to address this exclusion.
Topic:
Discrimination, Black Politics, Exclusion, Identity, and Racism
Political Geography:
Africa and Algeria

3. Defeating Exclusion, Confronting Populism - Lessons from the Anti Apartheid Struggle

Author:
Ebrahim Rasool
Publication Date:
03-2020
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
This keynote was part of the "Global Islamophobia in an Era of Populism" conference.
Topic:
Apartheid, Populism, Discrimination, Islamophobia, and Exclusion
Political Geography:
Africa, South Africa, North America, and United States of America

4. Situating Security Sector Reforms in Kenya’s Discourse on Inclusion and National Dialogue Process

Author:
Christopher Gitari
Publication Date:
04-2019
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ)
Abstract:
This paper explores political exclusion in Kenya and its consequences on the social fabric of the nation. It draws from past governmental reports and analysis to formulate new recommendations that can inform current discourse. It first provides an overview of ethnicity in Kenya. It then describes experiences of exclusion by minority groups, as well as state responses to exclusion. Finally, it looks at efforts to reform the security sector. It closes by offering some general guiding principles and recommendations.
Topic:
Security, Transitional Justice, Participation, and Exclusion
Political Geography:
Kenya and Africa

5. Public Policy Implementation Prospects and Challenges in Botswana: Case of the National Policy on Care for People With Disabilities

Author:
Marumo Omotoye
Publication Date:
03-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis
Abstract:
People with disabilities (PWDs) are often subjected to economic and social exclusion. This paper assesses factors that contribute to, and/or hinder the implementation of Botswana’s national disability policy. Despite the Government of Botswana’s efforts to uplift marginalised and vulnerable groups, PWDs remain disenfranchised as a result of social, physical and legislative barriers. Data was collected from secondary data sources and analysed using thematic analysis. The Analysis of Determinants of Policy Impact (ADEPT) approach, which aims to explain and influence policy development and policy impact implementation with four determinants: goals, obligations, resources and opportunities, was adopted. The study’s findings show that 22 years after its adoption, the National Policy on Care for People with Disabilities has not resulted in the desired policy outcomes, let alone achieved its objective of improving the lives of people with disabilities. While the Policy has the potential to be an important tool in achieving social inclusion and protecting the rights of PWDs, implementation gaps remain, essentially limiting its effectiveness.
Topic:
Economics, Disability, Public Policy, Exclusion, and Society
Political Geography:
Africa and Botswana

6. Canaries in the Coal Mines: An analysis of spaces for LGBTI activism in Malawi

Author:
Philip Browne
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Other Foundation
Abstract:
The question of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) rights continues to be a point of struggle and strife, extending from the depths of Malawi’s political history. Since its independence in 1964, the twenty eight- year dictatorship of Kamuzu Banda enforced a strict national Christian morality which has been sustained to the present day. The experiences and challenges facing LGBTI people in Malawi are shaped by laws, policies and practices that are informed by prevailing social, religious and cultural norms, that in turn shape public discourse around sexual minorities as contrary to Malawi’s culture and morality. The public debate on homosexuality has been complex, unpredictable and contested, and provides a snapshot of the difficulties LGBTI people face. Anti-homosexuality discourse has largely been driven by religious and cultural chauvinism.
Topic:
Human Rights, LGBT+, Exclusion, and Activism
Political Geography:
Africa and Malawi

7. Canaries in the Coal Mines: An analysis of spaces for LGBTI activism in Namibia

Author:
Finn Reagan
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Other Foundation
Abstract:
Namibia has experienced visible and tangible change on LGBTI human rights issues in recent years with a marked move away from the homophobia expressed by then head of state, Sam Nujoma, following independence. LGBTI people continue to experience severe levels of marginalization and social exclusion but are also clearly poised to make significant advances in the coming few years if a coherent national strategy can be consolidated by existing LGBTI organizations and their allies. Some sectors (such as health) have made significantly more gains than others (such as religion and education), and there has been a sea change of evolving public attitudes towards non-normative sexualities and genders. This broad shifting in social attitudes is due to several factors, including the efforts of LGBTI organizations. Since the early successes of the Rainbow Project, there is support for strategizing for progressive social change for LGBTI people within broader civil society. Allies in key state posts could be successfully engaged with for substantial change.
Topic:
Human Rights, LGBT+, Exclusion, and Activism
Political Geography:
Africa and Namibia

8. Canaries in the Coal Mines: An analysis of spaces for LGBTI activism in Swaziland

Author:
Wendy Kessman
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Other Foundation
Abstract:
The recognition of the human rights of LGBTI people in Swaziland is still in its infancy. The LGBTI movement, born from a need to address social isolation and violence against LGBTI people, is currently in the midst of a reflective process of learning from past mistakes, and healing from losses, old and new.
Topic:
Human Rights, LGBT+, Exclusion, and Activism
Political Geography:
Africa and Swaziland

9. Canaries in the Coal Mines: An analysis of spaces for LGBTI activism in southern Africa

Author:
Mark Gevisser
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Other Foundation
Abstract:
Like coal miners used caged canary birds, whose death was a warning sign of toxic gases in the mine tunnels, homosexual women and men, and transgender and intersex people in southern Africa are at the coalface of the multiple dangers in many of our societies today. How our societies treat lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people is symptomatic of the dangers facing all people who are excluded in some way or another in our societies, by those who have a grip on social, economic, and political power. To assess the depth and nature of social exclusion of LGBTI people across southern Africa and better understand how LGBTI groups are organizing to transform that reality, the Other Foundation commissioned studies of ten countries in southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe participated in the development of the studies.
Topic:
Human Rights, LGBT+, Exclusion, and Activism
Political Geography:
Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Swaziland, Namibia, Mauritius, Botswana, Lesotho, and Southern Africa

10. Canaries in the Coal Mines: An analysis of spaces for LGBTI activism in Zimbabwe

Author:
Tabona Shoko and Lilly Phiri
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
The Other Foundation
Abstract:
Zimbabwe’s history, colonial and postcolonial, has been violent and fraught with human rights infractions, including economic crises that have left the country and its people stripped of resources. In this fraught context, the violation of the human rights of sexual minorities who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex (LGBTI) is unsurprising.
Topic:
Human Rights, LGBT+, Exclusion, and Activism
Political Geography:
Africa and Zimbabwe