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2. How Many Weapons Are There in Cambodia?
- Author:
- Christina Wille
- Publication Date:
- 06-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- This background paper explains the evidence and logic for the small arms and light weapons stockpile estimates for Cambodia that are presented in the 2006 Small Arms Survey yearbook chapter (Small Arms Survey, 2006) and other Small Arms Survey publications on Cambodia. These state that there are 107,000–188,000 small arms and light weapons presently in government stockpiles, and 22,000–85,000 weapons outside of government control.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, and War
- Political Geography:
- Cambodia and Southeast Asia
3. Islands of Safety in a Sea of Guns: Gun-free Zones in South Africa
- Author:
- Adèle Kirsten
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- On 27 April 1994, millions of South Africans cast their votes in the country's first fully democratic general elections, signalling an end to more than 350 years of political rule by a white minority over the black majority. South Africa's history is one of colonial conquest, dispossession, segregation, and repression; one in which firearms played an important role in maintaining the border between the oppressed and the oppressor, between the colonized and the colonizer. With the state's implementation of apartheid policies after 1948, which further entrenched white rule, the military expanded its influence into all areas of social life, becoming a pervasive element in South African society. In response to the increased repression by the apartheid state, resistance organizations turned to armed violence as one strand in the strategy for national liberation. Many members of the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC) regarded themselves as soldiers fighting in a people's war. Although many held that South Africa was at war, it was generally accepted that the conflict was a low-level civil war, commonly referred to as 'low intensity conflict' (Cock and Nathan, 1989). As a result of several factors, such as internal mass mobilization against apartheid and increasing international pressure for a political solution to the South African conflict, negotiations for a new political dispensation started in 1990, culminating in a democratic constitution and the 1994 elections.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, and War
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Island
4. The Use and Perception of Weapons Before and After Conflict: Evidence from Rwanda
- Author:
- Philip Verwimp and Cécelle Meijer
- Publication Date:
- 10-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- The majority of Rwanda's population considers itself Hutu (more than 80 per cent), whereas a smaller group is referred to as Tutsi (about 15 percent). The Twa are the smallest minority. In 1994, after four years of civil war, Rwanda descended into genocide. The Tutsi minority was the main target, but Hutu and Twa who were not willing to participate in the killings were also murdered. In fewer than three months, more than 500,000 people were brutally slaughtered.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, and War
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Rwanda
5. The Role of Small Arms during the 2003-2004 Conflict in Iraq
- Author:
- Gilbert Burnham, Riyadh Lafta, Les Roberts, and Richard Garfield
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- Iraq underwent a particularly deadly war with neighbouring Iran during the 1980s with perhaps a million deaths occurring. Following the Persian Gulf war of 1991, more than 60,000 Iraqis were believed to have been killed by the government in retaliation for perceived support of the US-led coalition during the conflict. The level of violence within Iraq has not been well recorded in recent years and, in fact, no survey or census-based estimate of crude mortality has been made in Iraq since 1997 and the last estimate of mortality in children under five years of age was a UNICEF-sponsored demographic survey of 1999.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, and War
- Political Geography:
- Iraq and Middle East
6. Silencing Guns: Local Perspectives on Small Arms and Armed Violence in Rural Pacific Islands Communities
- Author:
- Emile LeBrun and Robert Muggah
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- At a time when the funding for weapons reduction and armed conflict prevention work is at an all-time high and still growing, the lack of accessible, standard evaluative tools is becoming more and more conspicuous. Though this partly stems from a debate within the disarmament community as to what the right set of measures should be, it is also a reaction to the practical difficulty—in some cases, outright impossibility—of collecting quantitative data on armed violence, especially in rural areas. Clearly, there is a great need for alternative means of assessing and reporting on the impacts of both small arms availability and misuse, and efforts to reduce those impacts.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Australia/Pacific and Island
7. Small Arms and Light Weapons Production in Eastern, Central, and Southeast Europe
- Author:
- Yudit Kiss
- Publication Date:
- 10-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- With the accession of ten states to the European Union (EU) in May 2004, Eastern Europe strode firmly into the international spotlight. A few months earlier, Bulgaria and Romania had joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), further extending the membership of Eastern, Central, and Southeast Europe in the alliance. These developments support the region's ongoing policy of integration into the West and its emergence as a socio-political landscape entirely distinct from that imposed by the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) until its demise in 1991. Not surprisingly, these drastic changes are vividly reflected in the national defence industries of the region.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Europe and North Atlantic
8. Kyrgyzstan: A Small Arms Anomaly in Central Asia?
- Author:
- S. Neil MacFarlane and Stina Torjesen Torjesen
- Publication Date:
- 02-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- Central Asia is often portrayed as a hotbed of potential conflict. With this report, the Small Arms Survey seeks to determine whether the Kyrgyz Republic, by virtue of its location, should indeed be grouped with its friction-prone neighbours. Weak state structures, a history of ethnic tension, inequality, and poverty – features that characterize the Kyrgyz state – are factors that normally fuel the proliferation of arms. The ripple effects of the fragile situation in Afghanistan are also expected to have effects on Central Asian countries. This in-depth study has found, however, that small arms are less of a problem in Kyrgyzstan than commonly assumed: few families own arms; demand is limited; and trafficking is modest. While the proliferation of small arms may pose a serious threat in countries such as Afghanistan and Tajikistan, this assertion cannot be applied to Central Asia as a whole. This report highlights the need for the disaggregation of regional generalizations and seeks to explain why Kyrgyzstan is different from its southern neighbours.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Tajikistan
9. In the Shadow of a Cease-fire: The Impacts of Small Arms Availability and Misuse in Sri Lanka
- Author:
- Chris Smith
- Publication Date:
- 10-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- Sri Lanka appears to be entering the final chapter of the 20-year civil war between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Although it may be too early to assess, and the peace process is currently stalled, it does seem that the LTTE is more serious about a sustained peace process than at any time since the violence erupted in 1983.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Asia and Sri Lanka
10. Beyond the Kalashnikov: Small Arms Production, Exports, and Stockpiles in the Russian Federation
- Author:
- Anna Matveeva, Maria Haug, and Maxim Pyadushkin
- Publication Date:
- 08-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- This paper analyzes various aspects of the small arms issue in the Russian Federation. There are a number of reasons why a specific study of Russian small arms issues is helpful for policy-makers and researchers interested in small arms and light weapons (SALW). Russia is one of the world's major producers and exporters of SALW. The most successful and famous military assault rifle, the Kalashnikov, originated in the former Soviet Union. While the original rifle is no longer produced in Russia, its derivatives are still in production. The Russian Federation is also a country dealing with internal problems where the availability of small arms exacerbates the situation. These include regions of conflict, such as Chechnya, or problems of crime and personal security in big cities such as Moscow. Various methods have been used to retrieve illegally held small arms from Russian society, including regional buy-back programmes.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Russia and Soviet Union