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2. Food Wars: Conflict, Hunger, and Globalization, 2023
- Author:
- Marc Cohen and Ellen Messer
- Publication Date:
- 10-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Most wars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries have been “food wars”: food and hunger were used as weapons, food and food-related water and energy infrastructure were damaged intentionally or incidentally, and food insecurity persisted as a legacy of conflict destructiveness. Frequently, food insecurity, in turn, is a trigger or underlying cause of conflict. This paper analyzes 54 active conflict, refugee-hosting, and conflict legacy countries with populations in 2023 facing “crisis-level” acute food insecurity, i.e., at Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) 3 or higher. In total, nearly 278 million people in these countries faced crisis-level hunger in 2023, accounting for 99% of the global population at IPC 3+ (281.6 million people). Analysis indicates that war-displacement-hunger crises occur in countries that continue to rely heavily on primary product exports. Paradoxically, peacebuilding efforts have often assumed that economic liberalization offers the best or only pathway to sustainable peace. Yet struggle for control over fungible primary commodities can fund more violence, increased inequality, continued instability, and the risk of renewed conflict. Agricultural export commodities are important sources of revenue for smallholder farmers and governments in conflict-affected, food-insecure countries. The conflict implications of export- and food-crop value chains are therefore crucial for future food-wars policy discussions and actions. Some efforts seek to link export crops to efforts to achieve peace, sustainable livelihoods, and environmental restoration. Other proposed solutions focus on adopting more holistic national development strategies, including food-systems approaches that protect and promote the right to food and livelihood security, as well as policy approaches and frameworks that might more effectively consider conflict, globalization, and climate change in food and nutrition policy.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Food Security, Hunger, Displacement, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. Beyond Consultation: Unpacking the most essential components of meaningful participation by refugee leaders
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2022
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Research on forced displacement reveals a wide gap between policy processes and the people that such processes seek to assist. This paper proposes actionable recommendations on how to operationalize the concept of ‘meaningful refugee participation’ in decision-making processes that affect the lives of refugees. There is a need to go beyond tokenistic participation and to genuinely empower refugees to have influence over the design, implementation and evaluation of refugee-focused programmes. The contributions of refugees themselves must also be enhanced in ways that can help contribute to a paradigmatic shift in the global infrastructure of refugee governance.
- Topic:
- Migration, Governance, Refugees, and Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
4. A People’s Vaccine For Refugees: Ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccines for refugees and other displaced people
- Author:
- Charlotte Greener
- Publication Date:
- 11-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- As we continue to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital that no one is excluded from vaccine coverage. This briefing note addresses some of the challenges faced by displaced people – including refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs, stateless people, and others in displacement contexts – in accessing COVID-19 vaccinations. It identifies a range of administrative and logistical barriers, the issue of lack of information and vaccine hesitancy, and gender-specific barriers to access for these populations. The briefing note provides recommendations to governments, UN agencies, and other actors to help address these challenges and ensure vaccine access for all displaced people.
- Topic:
- Refugees, Displacement, Humanitarian Intervention, Pandemic, and COVID-19
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
5. Returning to Fragility: Exploring the Link Between Conflict and Returnees in Afghanistan
- Author:
- Jorrit Kamminga and Akram Zaki
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Huge numbers of people are returning to Afghanistan – more than two million since 2015 – while the country is still highly fragile, with ongoing fighting and internal displacement in many areas and high levels of poverty. Oxfam’s field research in Herat, Kabul, Kunduz and Nangarhar finds that for as long as these conditions do not improve, a safe and dignified return cannot be guaranteed, and forced returns remain irresponsible. With more people returning on a daily basis, tensions are likely to grow and pressure on scarce resources will increase, exacerbating inequalities in this unstable and fragile country. Sending Afghans back to volatile areas will likely result only in more displacement and fragility.
- Topic:
- Refugees, Fragile States, Displacement, Humanitarian Intervention, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan and Middle East
6. Safe but Not Settled: The Impact of Family Separation on Refugees in the UK
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Refugees in the UK often find themselves separated from their families by their brutal experiences of conflict and persecution, just at the time when they need each other the most. This separation can drag on for years or sometimes indefinitely because of the UK’s restrictive rules on refugee family reunion. This joint report by the Refugee Council and Oxfam is one of the first to look at how family reunion and ongoing forced separation from loved ones affect the ability of refugees to successfully integrate into UK society.
- Topic:
- Migration, Refugee Crisis, Displacement, Conflict, Borders, Family, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom, Europe, and Global Focus
7. Money Talks: A Synthesis Report Assessing Humanitarian Funding Flows to Local Actors in Bangladesh and Uganda
- Author:
- Anita Kattakuzhy and Chloe Parrish
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- International humanitarian agencies and donors have made a series of global commitments to local actors as part of the localization agenda, including to increase their access to greater direct funding by 2020. This briefing paper reviews 2015 national financial data for Bangladesh and Uganda to better understand how to target international investments in localization. It presents key findings from Oxfam-commissioned research on which factors affect local actors’ ability to access international humanitarian funding. It concludes that in order for global commitments to translate into practice, investments should look at changing the terms of the funding relationship, as well as be based on a context-specific, national analysis of the financial environment.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Disaster Relief, Environment, Humanitarian Aid, Refugee Crisis, and Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Uganda, Bangladesh, Africa, and Asia
8. Making Aid Work in Lebanon: Promoting aid effectiveness and respect for Rights in Middle-Income Countries Affected by Mass Displacement
- Author:
- Bachir Ayoub and Dima Mahdi
- Publication Date:
- 04-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Lebanon currently hosts the largest number of refugees per capita in the world. Donors have recognized the scale of the challenge and have offered support both in the form of humanitarian assistance and in multi-year development financing. This briefing paper is based on extensive research conducted in partnership with the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS). It urges donors and policy makers to ensure that new financing to Lebanon is rights-based, accountable to local populations, reflects local priorities, benefits the most vulnerable and does not exacerbate pre-existing structural issues.
- Topic:
- Foreign Aid, Refugee Crisis, Displacement, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Lebanon
9. Displaced and Dispossessed: Conflict-Affected Communities and Their Land of Origin in Kachin State, Myanmar
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 05-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- People displaced by conflict (IDPs) in Myanmar’s Kachin State want to return to their land, yet it is being appropriated unfairly. Legal or administrative procedures are undermining IDP rights, ignoring the exceptional circumstances of displacement. Restrictions on movement are making the situation worse. Action is required to resolve the lack of clarity over IDP land rights and to ensure equitable remedy is available where land has been unfairly acquired. This report is produced by The Durable Peace Programme (DPP), an EU-funded consortium of seven international and local organizations supporting peace, reconciliation, rehabilitation and development in Kachin State since 2015.
- Topic:
- Displacement, Conflict, Peace, Humanitarian Crisis, and Internal Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Asia and Myanmar
10. Rapid Care Analysis in a Rapid-Onset Emergency: Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
- Author:
- Iulia Toma
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This analysis looks at unpaid care work patterns in both Rohingya and host communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The aim is to recognize the care work done by women and find ways of reducing or redistributing this work. The analysis examines the level of acceptance for sharing care responsibilities, as well as the differences in care work between host and Rohingya communities. Overall, findings from the RCA show that the vast majority of care work is conducted by women across both groups. On average, women perform 70 hours of care work a week and men do 11 hours, with firewood and water collection being the most difficult tasks. Recommendations from the analysis include provision of water containers for water storage; opportunities for home-based income-generating activities for the Rohingya community; advocacy for improved water networks in the host community; and environmentally friendly firewood replacements, among others. This will ensure reduction and redistribution of care work and lead to improved programmes, with potential for women’s empowerment.
- Topic:
- Refugee Crisis, Gender Based Violence, Displacement, Sustainability, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Bangladesh and Asia
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