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52. Aceh: Slim Chance for Peace
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Indonesia's efforts to end the separatist rebellion in Aceh entered a new phase in April 2001 with the launching of a military offensive against the guerrillas of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Three months later, the government passed a law conferring “special autonomy”, or limited self- government, on the province. This briefing paper charts recent events in Aceh, updating two ICG reports in 2001 which analysed these two strands of Indonesian policy: military force and the offer of autonomy.
- Topic:
- Government and Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Indonesia and Southeast Asia
53. Croatia: Facing Up To War Crimes
- Publication Date:
- 10-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- On 8 October 2001, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) confirmed an indictment charging Slobodan Milosevic, the former president of Serbia and of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), with crimes committed in Croatia. This indictment had been keenly awaited for years in Croatia, where a widespread perception of international indifference to Serb crimes perpetrated against Croats between 1991 and 1995 has been ably encouraged and manipulated by the right wing.
- Topic:
- Development, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, Serbia, and Croatia
54. Macedonia: Filling the Security Vacuum
- Publication Date:
- 09-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- The war option has, for the moment, been checked, but Macedonia is very far from being at peace. Neither the agreement signed on 13 August 2001 2 by the four Macedonian governing parties – two ethnic Macedonian, two ethnic Albanian – nor the subsequent limited NATO deployment, nor the first-stage approval of necessary constitutional amendments by the Macedonian parliament on 6 September have yet given anyone confidence that peace is sustainable. The parliamentary vote, for example, came only after an acrimonious debate in which markers were laid down that ultimate approval of the legislative package could not be taken for granted.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Security, and Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Macedonia, and Albania
55. Milosevic in the Hague: What it Means for Yugoslavia and the Region
- Publication Date:
- 07-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- On 28 June 2001, St Vitus's Day – an anniversary with enormous resonance in Yugoslavia – Serbian government transferred former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic to The Hague. By this bold political move, the government demonstrated in the clearest way its will to break with the past. With the timing driven by the international donors conference scheduled for 29 June, the transfer also confirmed the effectiveness of conditioning economic assistance to Yugoslavia on concrete political progress.
- Topic:
- Security, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, and Serbia
56. War Criminals in Bosnia's Republika Srpska: Who are the People in Your Neighbourhood?
- Publication Date:
- 11-2000
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Five years after the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords, which brought an end to almost four years of bloody war in Bosnia, many of those believed to have carried out some of the war's worst atrocities remain at large. The continued presence in the municipalities of Republika Srpska (RS) of individuals suspected of war crimes—some indicated either publicly or secretly by the International War Crimes Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)—represents a significant obstacle to the return of ethnic minority refugees. It also undermines seriously Bosnia's chances for building central institutions, generating self-sustainable economic growth, and achieving the political transformation necessary to begin the process of integration with the rest of Europe. Moreover, the continued commitment of most war crimes suspects to the goal of a Greater Serbia, and their willingness to use violence to achieve it, could—in the long term—provoke renewed conflict in Bosnia and continued instability in the Balkans.
- Topic:
- Security, Ethnic Conflict, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Bosnia, Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, Serbia, and Balkans
57. Reaction in Kosovo to Kostunica's Victory
- Publication Date:
- 10-2000
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- While the world watched in fascination as mass demonstrations in Belgrade toppled Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic from power, Kosovo—where Milosevic had committed some of his worst crimes—had an almost eerie air of normalcy. On the night Milosevic fell, cafés were full and the usual crowd of young people strolled along Pristina's central artery, Mother Theresa Street. But Pristina's surface in difference masked serious unease about events in Serbia and especially about the swelling international welcome for newly elected President Vojislav Kostunica. Kosovo Albania's political circles, opinion leaders, and public, which for long had a head-in-the-sand approach toward the rise of the democratic opposition in Belgrade, are only beginning to come to grips with the changed political landscape in the Balkans caused by Milosevic's fall.
- Topic:
- Security, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Kosovo, Yugoslavia, Serbia, Balkans, and Albania
58. Sanctions Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Publication Date:
- 10-2000
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- As governments embark on the process of lifting sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), following the victory of opposition candidate Vojislav Kostunica in Presidential elections held on 24 September 2000, this briefing paper sets forth a comprehensive list of sanctions currently in place against the FRY and the current status of FRY participation and/or membership in international organisations.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, International Trade and Finance, Politics, and United Nations
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe and Yugoslavia
59. Albania's Local Elections: A Test of Stability and Democracy
- Publication Date:
- 08-2000
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Local elections in Albania on 1 October 2000 will mark the first test of popular support for the ruling Socialist-led coalition since it came to power following the violent uprising in 1997. The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), whose Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) will be leading the monitoring effort, deems these elections to be of critical importance. Albania's electoral process has traditionally been bedevilled by the same handicaps encountered in most other institutional areas: namely, inadequate legislation, capacity deficiencies, politicisation of the process, and lack of all round political support. It is vitally important for Albania's democracy and international reputation that this year's elections do not repeat the mistakes of the recent past.
- Topic:
- Security, Government, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe and Albania
60. Serbia: The Milosevic Regime on the Eve of September Elections
- Publication Date:
- 08-2000
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- The regime in Serbia has recovered its footing after the 1999 war with NATO and remains as hard-line as ever. Learning and gaining experience over the years has enabled the regime to “improve” its performance and become more efficient. Most analysts in Serbia agree that Milosevic will be able to stay in power indefinitely.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, Economics, Government, Human Rights, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe and Serbia