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1. To the Seas Again Maritime Defence and Deterrence in the Baltic Region

Author:
Henrich Lange
Publication Date:
04-2019
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
International Centre for Defence and Security - ICDS
Abstract:
This report concerns the maritime aspects of defence and deterrence in the Baltic Sea region. Access to the Baltic Sea is of vital economic interest to its littoral states, including Russia. Large numbers of vessels convey substantial trade volumes, including energy products, through its waters each day, while a significant number of critical infrastructure links lie below its surface. The operating environment is complex. The Baltic Sea is confined and shallow. Its winding shape includes several bottlenecks, and its numerous islands confine major shipping to certain channels. Its unusual hydrology, frequent adverse weather conditions and ice, and the presence of large quantities of discarded ordnance complicate naval operations. The short distance of the sea from airfields and the potential operating locations of land-based military capability, including electronic warfare and cyber assets, further complicates the employment of naval force. This environment demands a particular set of professional skills and knowledge.
Topic:
International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Baltic Sea

2. Going Past Monopoly: Developing a Balanced Baltic Sea Regional Gas Market

Author:
Emmet Tuohy
Publication Date:
03-2019
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
International Centre for Defence and Security - ICDS
Abstract:
In the last half-decade, the three Baltic states have made dramatic progress towards diversifying their energy supplies, especially of natural gas. This progress—brought about thanks to remarkable political will as well as improved regional cooperation—has resulted in considerable economic benefit while decreasing the three countries’ vulnerability to outside pressure. Yet, much remains to be done in order to complete the three countries’ internal markets.
Topic:
International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Baltic Sea

3. The Nordic-Baltic Region in the EU 27 – Time for New Strategic Cooperation

Author:
Piret Kuusik
Publication Date:
12-2018
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
International Centre for Defence and Security - ICDS
Abstract:
The Brexit process is changing the balance of power and coalition politics in the European Union. This report analyzes the shared interests and aims of the six Nordic and Baltic member states (NB6, consisting of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden) in the EU, focusing on three broad areas: open society, open economy and shared security. The authors argue that, in a changing Union and an increasingly volatile global context, it is time for the Nordic-Baltic member states to cooperate more strategically in matters where common positions can be identified, such as protection of shared values, reform of the eurozone, free trade, digitalisation and regional security. Their cooperation needs to be flexible and open to like-minded countries beyond the NB6 group. One of the groupings that has received much limelight is the new ‘Hanseatic League’, consisting of the Nordic and Baltic member states, the Netherlands and Ireland. The authors highlight the limited nature and flexible format of this grouping. The report ends with a set of policy recommendations regarding future Nordic-Baltic cooperation in the EU.
Topic:
International Affairs and Brexit
Political Geography:
Baltic Sea